Environmental Science 1021F/G Lecture 7: Lecture 7- LectureWater I:II
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25 Feb 2016
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Water Quantity and Quality
Part 1
Supply: available
form/type/quality/location/timing/accessibility
Demand: Population, use rates, politics
Hydrologic Cycle
Infiltration: movement of precipitation from the surface of soil into the soil
Percolation: when water moves through the soil
-Climate regulates the control of precipitation.
-Topography impacts annual precipitation
Water Compartments: Supply
1. Saltwater-oceans makes up 97% of the water on earth
2. Freshwater (only 2.5%)
-Ice caps/glaciers- they are not in a form that is reliable, so it is unusable
-Ground water (water in soil spaces, aquifers) 0.4%
Surface Water-rivers, lakes, streams
-Surface runoff: precipitation that does not infiltrate or evaporate
-When the water goes into the earth it is called ground water
-Drains into a watershed or drainage basin
-Surface runoff supplies surface water
-Reliable runoff- accessible surface runoff, only a portion can actually be used
Ground Water- precipitation that has infiltrated and percolated into voids/spaces
Zone of aeration- infiltration