Geography 1400F/G Lecture : The World in Spatial Terms - Geographic Research and Maps

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coppergoat35

16 Jan 2012

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The world in spatial terms geographic research and maps. Two general approaches to developing knowledge: inductive reasoning: Perceptual experiences unordered facts definition, classification, measurement ordered facts inductive generalization laws and theory construction explanation. This was brought in by carl ritter who lived from 1779-1859: deductive reasoning: It starts with a sense that a general principle exists. Research are then carried out to determine if it applies in specific circumstances. Experiments are designed to prove the validity of the generalization. If shown to be valid law/theory is then established. Perceptual experiences images of real world structure a priori model hypothesis experimental design. Data verification procedures laws and theory construction (if successful = positive feed back, if unsuccessful = negative feedback) Purposes of research: description of places, events, and situations (ex: patterns of residential distribution in london, explanation that answers the question why? (ex: why do high income groups concentrate in north and west.

Related Questions

In order to check the spacing between two gears in a miniaturemotor, you shine a laser light with wavelength 530nm through thegap between them.
A)measuring the diffraction pattern, you determine that the centralmaximum is 0.12, radians wide. What is the width of the gap betweengears?
B)It's generally easier to measure larger distances. Will you getmore accurate results for gap spacing if this experiment is doneunder water? Why/why not?

Please explain clearly and show each step/equations that you use tohelp me understand. Full karma points awarded.

I am so lost onwere to even begin. I just need help trying to find the Ñ² (angle)for part part 1 of the experiment if anyone can just explain how todo that and maybe give me a step-by-step example so I can finishthe rest. Thank you! Experiment 6 ~ Friction

Purpose:

In this lab, you will make some basic measurements of friction.You will measure the coefficients of staticfriction between several combinations of surfaces using aninclined plane, and you will measure the coefficient ofkinetic friction between two of the combinationsof surfaces you used in the static friction part of thisexperiment.

Part 1: StaticFriction

Theory:

The coefficient of static frictionm_s can be measured experimentally foran object placed on an inclined plane (a.k.a. ramp, a.k.a. hill).The coefficient of static friction is related to the criticalangle q_c for the ramp, at whichthe object just begins to slide. Using what we havecovered in class, you can derive this relationshipyourself! At this critical angle, static friction preventing theobject from sliding down the hill is just exactly equal to thecomponent of the objectâs weight along the hill. If the componentof the weight along the hill were just a little greater, it wouldovercome friction, and the object would start to slide down. Thefree body diagram for this situation will look like the figuresketched below. Use this diagram to find an equation that relatesm_s toq_c.

Questions:

1. How do the values of m_s compareto the values of m_k? (Of course, youcan only compare them for the same pairs of materials.)

2. Is the relationship betweenm_sand m_kwhat you expected?

3. Of the two parts of the experiment, measurement ofm_sand measurement ofm_k, which had more sources of error?What were some of the sources of error?

4. Could m_k orm_s ever be greater than 1? Explain whyor why not.

5. Is the coefficient of friction the same as when the block wasstanding on its larger (or smaller) end?

6. Think about your results. Do they make sense when youconsider your everyday experiences?

A stent is a small, tubular device implanted into arteries orsome other hollow organ in order to provide structural supportagainst collapse. Some modern stents can even provide gradual drugdelivery. Clinical failures are some of the most serious reasonsfor continual R&D into stent improvement. Models are anindispensable part of further research as experimental testing isoften expensive and time-consuming. For example, a stent with a10-year life expectancy corresponds to approximately 400 millioncyclic loadings from heartbeats!

A common design for a stent is a hollow woven mesh of helicalwire, as shown in the above figure. Much like Chinese finger traps,a change in length is accompanied by a corresponding change inradius of the stent. The goal of this problem is to examine howthis deformations are coupled.

(a) Letâs start out by looking at a single helix of wire.Convince yourself that we can parametrize the curve of the wireby:

x(Î¸) =rcosÎ¸

y(Î¸) = rsinÎ¸

z(Î¸) = (lÎ¸/2Ï)sinÎ±

where r is the radius and Î± is the âlead angleâ of the helix -the angle the wire makes with the xy-plane as it crosses it, and lis the length of wire in one turn of the helix. Determine thislength of wire l in one turn of the helix by using l =â« ds withappropriate bounds, where ds =â(dx²+dy²+dz² ). Express l in terms of rand Î±.

Geography 1400F/G Lecture : The World in Spatial Terms - Geographic Research and Maps

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