Geography 2011A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Great Lakes Areas Of Concern, International Joint Commission, Treaty 6

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Management of the Great Lakes
International Joint Commission
- Established in 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty
- 6 members 3 Americans and 3 Canadians
- Prevents and Resolves Disputes
- Celeratig a uooly good Treaty
- All of the boundary water in Canada (not just Great Lakes) and US are included in this treaty
- Role of the IJC:
- Recognition that each country is affected by the other's actions
- Provides way to cooperate in management of water to protect them for benefit of today's
citizens and future generations
3 Key Roles of the IJC:
1. Respecting Competing Interests
2. Investigating Water Pollution
3. Investigating Air Pollution
Key Agreements Concerning Great Lakes
- 1972: Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement
- Non-Persistent (ex. phosphorous loading)
- Secondary sewage treatment (remove bacteria, viruses, nutrients)
- Lake Erie recovered
- 1978: GLWQA
- Persistent Toxic Contaminants
- Virtual Elimination/Zero Discharge (of direct sources like from pipes)
- 1985/1987: GLWQA AOCs and RAPs
- 2012: GLWQA reaffirming all of the above
The Ecosystem Approach
- Recognition of interrelated and interdependent factors
- More than one course of action (consider many angles)
- Comprehensive and interdisciplinary.
- Systematic:
- Interaction among physical, chemical and biological components
- Uses biological indicators to monitor water quality and changes in the ecosystem
- Geographically Comprehensive:
- Includes land, air and water
- Recognizes the impact of atmospheric deposition and land uses on water quality
- Inclusive of Humans:
- Recognizes social, economic, technical and political variables that affect how humans use
natural resources
- Human culture, changing lifestyles and attitudes must be considered
- A framework for decision-making that compels managers and planners to cooperate and devise
integrated strategies.
did’t happe (pipes still release sall
amounts) + there was already persistent
contaminants in lakes
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Document Summary

6 members 3 americans and 3 canadians. All of the boundary water in canada (not just great lakes) and us are included in this treaty. Recognition that each country is affected by the other"s actions. Provides way to cooperate in management of water to protect them for benefit of today"s citizens and future generations. 3 key roles of the ijc: respecting competing interests, investigating water pollution, investigating air pollution. 2012: glwqa reaffirming all of the above. Secondary sewage treatment (remove bacteria, viruses, nutrients) Virtual elimination/zero discharge (of direct sources like from pipes) did(cid:374)"t happe(cid:374) (pipes still release s(cid:373)all amounts) + there was already persistent contaminants in lakes. More than one course of action (consider many angles) Interaction among physical, chemical and biological components. Uses biological indicators to monitor water quality and changes in the ecosystem. Recognizes the impact of atmospheric deposition and land uses on water quality.

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