Geography 3211A/B Lecture Notes - Correlogram, Homicide, Confidence Interval
23 Jan 2014
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Document Summary
A datum is regarded as spatial if it can be associated with a location. Spatial data that have reference to a location on the earth"s surface are termed geographical or georeferenced data. Non-spatial analysis: spatial (geographical) data are analyzed using conventional, the geographical coordinates are excluded from the computational, the results are independent of the spatial arrangement of statistical methods procedures. geographical entities. Spatial analysis: spatial (geographical) data are analyzed using spatial statistical, the geographical coordinates are included into the computational, the results depend on the spatial arrangement of geographical methods. procedures entities. Spatial dependence: the first law of geography: all things are related, but nearby things are more related than distant things. Spatial heterogeneity (or non-stationarity: the second law of geography: conditions vary ( smoothly ) over the earth"s surface. The properties of geographical (spatial) data present a fundamental challenge to the classic (non-spatial) statistics. They violate the classic assumptions of independence and homogeneity.
