History 2403E Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Erasmus, Greek Alphabet, Phlegm

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March 6, 2018
Early Modern Medicine
- Humanism
o To reclaim the knowledge of the classical word
o Because they believed Greeks and romans represented the absolute epitome of
human knowledge and accomplishment
o Savaged libraries and collections; getting every books of texts
Made a list of errors
Work backwards in time to get accuracy and editions of the text
- Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) chief humanist’ scholar
o Brought back the Greek language as the basic building block of intellectual
activity
o All serious academic pursuit required Greek as its basis
- Greek New Testament (1516)
o Very accurate version
o Published in 1516
o Profound impact on Luther: read romans 1:17 new understanding of
justification
o Also impacted medicine
- Aldus Manutius
o Importance: in his printing shop, the greek script was mechanically scripted for
the history of the world
o Revolutionized the education and academic inquiry landscape
o The medical writings of the greek physicians were now accessible to European
doctors
- Galen (C. 120-C.201 A.D.)
o Humours
o We know about Hippocrates because of him
- Hippocrates
o Body has 4 humours
Liquids: black bile, yellow bile, blood and phlegm
Each one has a temperature and moisture coefficient associated
Blood: hot and wet
o Doctor needs to keep them balanced
o Living in a state of equilibrium
Need to determine which humour was out of rack
o Focused on diet the lifestyle of the person
Straightforward process counterbalancing process
Explain menustration
Bertand’s reaction from Martin – Jean de Coras running courtroom like
the Romans
See’s woman in a certain way
Elizabeth does the same thing and manipulates
Roman law, medicine
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Document Summary

Desiderius erasmus (1466-1536) chief humanist" scholar: brought back the greek language as the basic building block of intellectual activity, all serious academic pursuit required greek as its basis. Greek new testament (1516: very accurate version, published in 1516, profound impact on luther: read romans 1:17 new understanding of justification, also impacted medicine. Galen (c. 120-c. 201 a. d. : humours, we know about hippocrates because of him. Aldine press / 1525 = complete edition of galen: aldus creates a standardized edition of galen"s work. Jacobus sylvius, 1555: say there has never in human history has there been any work as good as galen and hippocrates, body in error not their works. Undermining galenic thinking, comes from world of anatomy and world of art. Renaissance artists need to know how the body is built. Leonardo da vinci (1452-1519: passed down detailed drawings of anatomical structure, focus: muscles, nervous, cranial (face), prenatal (womb, lacked understandings of how people were made.

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