History 2403E Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Protestantism, Low Countries, Toleration
2 May 2018
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March 20, 2018
Thirty Years War Continued
Begins as a conflict between Frederic and Ferdinand, then more join in
People were just looking to win, whatever that meant
Christian IV of Denmark
- Motives were political, not religious
- Destroyed by Ferdinand
Ferdinand
- Envisions a huge territory united in Catholicism
- His problem was Maximillian – Maximillian did not want the Habsburgs to gain power
- Ferdinand needed a more pliable tool
- Turns to Wallenstein
Albrecht von Wallenstein (1583-1634)
- Czech, protestant nobleman
- Mercenary commander par excellance
- Feared and distrusted by everyone
- Sides with the imperial forces at the beginning of the conflict
- Offers to raise an army for Ferdinand at his own expense
o Paid for it by plundering
▪ Made no distinction in plundering between friend or foe
o 125 000 people in his army in 1625 (Spain only had 110 000 in 1600)
o Turns pillaging into an art form
- Able to keep his army permanently mobilized – atios ould’t ee do this
- Turns his army against Mansfield’s ad rus them out of the territory
- Terrified Maximillian
- His mercenary endeavours made him enormously wealthy
o Others began to copy him
o Irish, Scottish, French and Spanish mercenaries came to the Holy Roman Empire
- Everyone wanted Ferdinand to get rid of Wallenstein
- Ferdinand fires him in 1630
- 1634 – threat to Ferdiad’s positio “edish Kig, Wallestei is hired ak
Ferdinand
- Ferdinand fires him again, offers $10 000 for Wallenstein dead or alive
Edict of Restitution issued by Ferdinand in 1629
- Outlawed Calvinism
- Demanded that Lutherans give back everything they have from the Catholic Church
taken sine 1552
- Convinced Protestants that their only choice was to keep fighting – same effect as the
“t. Bartholoe’s Da Massare
King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (r. 1611-1632)
- Devout Lutheran
- His troops were also devoutly Lutheran
- Was’t eited aout hat had happeed to Deark – feared they were next
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Document Summary
Begins as a conflict between frederic and ferdinand, then more join in. People were just looking to win, whatever that meant. Envisions a huge territory united in catholicism. His problem was maximillian maximillian did not want the habsburgs to gain power. Sides with the imperial forces at the beginning of the conflict. Able to keep his army permanently mobilized (cid:374)atio(cid:374)s (cid:272)ould(cid:374)"t e(cid:448)e(cid:374) do this. Turns his army against mansfield"s a(cid:374)d ru(cid:374)s them out of the territory. His mercenary endeavours made him enormously wealthy: others began to copy him. Irish, scottish, french and spanish mercenaries came to the holy roman empire. Everyone wanted ferdinand to get rid of wallenstein. 1634 threat to ferdi(cid:374)a(cid:374)d"s positio(cid:374) (cid:271)(cid:455) (cid:449)edish ki(cid:374)g, walle(cid:374)stei(cid:374) is hired (cid:271)a(cid:272)k (cid:271)(cid:455) Ferdinand fires him again, offers 000 for wallenstein dead or alive. Edict of restitution issued by ferdinand in 1629. Demanded that lutherans give back everything they have from the catholic church taken sine 1552.
