History 2501E Lecture : Multi Ethnic Societies Nov 10.docx
22 Apr 2012
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The making of multi ethnic societies- november 10, 2011. Chapter 8-> spanish crisis of 1808, only part we need to read (ch 6= most important) Pombal reforms: reorganize admin (more efficient and more revenue from brazil) Beginning of 19th cent many changes in americas. Portuguese penetrated into brazil, followed gold and diamonds. Cuba= sugar productions, pushed by the english. Mines in new spain are doing well (mexico) Colonies begin to trade more among each other, textiles/brandy/sugar/wheat/silver. More focus on trades and personal success. Women start adding the surname of their husbands to their own. More social mobility, blurring of racial distinctions, trades open to mix bloods, some natives. Military starts accepting mix bloods (deteriorating racial hierarchy) except africans. After 1790s, places with large african slave populations afraid of rebellion. Result: loosened ties with spain (& portugal) 1804, spain desperate for funds, recalls church loans (grief, struggle to repay) Force europe not to trade with britain (cut off markets)
