History 2201E Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: 2017 European Figure Skating Championships, Algonquin People, Agulhas Bank

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September 12, 2017
Europeans and the “Discovery” of the “New World”
Lecture notes
- Contact
o See a clash of European and Native Culture
o Took place over a few hundreds of years
Part I. The European Arrival
a. Norse (Vikings
- Need for timber
- 1000 A.D.
- not really welcome by the indigenous
b. European Fishermen
- early 1500s exploration for a route to the Orient
- 1492 and Christopher Columbus
o his discovery was followed by many other people coming to the continent, what
and who they could exploit
- John Cabot’s adventures
o Discovered the large fishing banks in Newfoundland and ???
- fish
o according to Catholicism
o looking for new sources of food to feed the growing city and populations in
Europe
- by 1600, 30 ships were making the 3-4-month long journey
o so plentiful, hard to see beyond the ships
c. The Birth of New France: Cartier, Champlain, and the Company of 100 Associates
- mid-1500s still searching for a faster route to the Orient
o ultimately led to settlement in what would be called New France
- 1534 and Jacques Cartier: mapping the St. Lawrence
o he had done fishing in Newfoundland before
o had to go into the St. Lawrence river
o stole 2 sons of a chief to show the to the king of France and put them on display
in Europe
o contributed mapping out the St. Lawrence region so that future explorers could
have a sense of the region
o did not establish much of a settlement, suffered from scurvy
eventually had to leave
o suffered from a food shortage
o could not handle the harsh winters
- 1608 and Samuel de Champlain: the establishment of Quebec City
o France was worried of the British making a solid presence in North America
o Champlain commissioned by France
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o Was a smarter guest: formed a military alliance with the first nation Algonquin
people
A strategic alliance removed threats and established a food supply
o Eventually succeeded and became one of the three main colonies that France
established in North America
Quebec, New Orleans and Acadia (Nova Scotia, PEI and New Brunswick)
Collectively known as New France
Acadia established in 1604
- 17th C. a move away from individual explorations to the embrace of colonisation
companies: The Company of 100 Associates
o 100 French businessmen who were encouraged to give money to the explorations,
an investment
helped to provide the seed money for the New France colonies (mainly
went to Quebec)
o moved from being to individual behaviours, investment companies and then the
government played a role which influenced people to move over
government gave financial inducements, land and the tools they need to
build houses and become settlers
o not until 1750s that France is kicked out for good
- expansion of settlement with France as the dominant colonizing nation in North America
o post 1650, France gained a significant part of North America in terms of land
mass
allowed them to initially explore more natural resources
o however, not in terms of population
Names and Terms: Scandinavia; Christopher Columbus; Port Royal
Part II. Passive Victims: The Traditional Interpretations of Native-White Contact
A. Traditional interpretation #1: fur trade as disaster for natives
- Europeans come and destroy the ways of life of indigenous people
o Indigenous had no autonomy
B. Traditional interpretation #2: natives had little agency in fur trade
- not a lot of social history at this time
- history from the ground up
C. new research: natives had much more control and were on a more equal footing than the
traditional approaches allow
- was for a short limited time
- during the time that the fur trade was booming, Indigenous were able to set their own
price and set their own agendas, including with both men and women
- had agency in the fur trade
What sort of influences are in the tutorial readings?
Part III/ IV. The Fur Trade and Fur Trade Society
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Document Summary

Europeans and the discovery of the new world . Contact: see a clash of european and native culture, took place over a few hundreds of years. Not really welcome by the indigenous: european fishermen. 1492 and christopher columbus early 1500s exploration for a route to the orient: his discovery was followed by many other people coming to the continent, what and who they could exploit. John cabot"s adventures: discovered the large fishing banks in newfoundland and ?? fish, according to catholicism looking for new sources of food to feed the growing city and populations in. By 1600, 30 ships were making the 3-4-month long journey: so plentiful, hard to see beyond the ships, the birth of new france: cartier, champlain, and the company of 100 associates. Mid-1500s still searching for a faster route to the orient: ultimately led to settlement in what would be called new france. Names and terms: scandinavia; christopher columbus; port royal.

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