Kinesiology 2276F/G Lecture : Kinesiology 2276F/G ch 10.docx

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blusheagle340

1 May 2012

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Causes of negative stress: biological, substance abuse (alcohol, drugs, nutritional excess (caffeine, sugar, psychological, perfectionist attitudes, obsessiveness/compulsiveness, need for control. Interpersonal: lack of social skills, shyness, insecurity, loneliness, environmental strain (noise, temperature) If stressor is unresolved: stage of resistance - strain, worry, cynicism, difficulty sleeping. If stressor is prolonged: stage of exhaustion - anxiety and depression. Psychophysiology: examines cognitive, emotional and behavioural events through their manifestation as physiological processes and events, assumes that psychological domain" can be revealed through bodily response. Includes relatively non-invasive measures of many bodily systems: 3: emg, eeg, ecg, endocrine and immune function. Exercise and stress: people report feeling less stress following acute exercise bouts, they are less stressed in general when they are physically active as opposed to being sedentary. Exercise-stress research: people report less stress about acute bouts of exercie, effect of exercise on stress response studied in a variety of areas, cardiovascular fitness, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) cortical axis response, reactivity vs. recovery.

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Marie sat quietly in the back of the class feeling relaxed, eventhough this was her first college class. âHere goes; this is thebeginning of my future,â she excitedly thought. As the teacherwalked to the front of the room, Marie suddenly felt dizzy andbroke into a cold sweat Marie was undergoing the first phase of theGeneral Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). Although she did not consciouslyrealize it, she was stressed over beginning her college career. Asthe teacher walked in, Marieâs body began the âfight or flightâresponse of the alarm stage. In this situation, the stress responseis inappropriate and Marie is experiencing a panic attack. What wasspecifically happening to Marie? Research the stages of the GeneralAdaptation Syndrome (GAS) and explain in detail the physiologicalevents happening to Marie. What is the natural course of theseevents of the General Adaptation Syndrome? Think about your ownexperiences. Describe an incident where your system activated theâfight or flight responseâ. What caused this reaction? How did youfeel? What was the outcome? Be sure to explain in your example howmany of the GAS stages you experienced.

COLLEGE COURSE: Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Please answer/provide information/define concept/terms etc... PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS:

HPA axis: What is the principal role/function of this endocrine cascade? What brain structures and glands are involved in this system? What governs its functioning? What other brain structures help regulate HPA activity? What hormones are involved in the HPA cascade and in what order? What is the role of the HPA axis in psychiatric illness?

Glucocorticoid binding. What is the difference between MRs and GRs?

What is the role of gonadal hormones in the biological stress response?

What are the roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in cognition?

Define stress (and be familiar with different models/definitions of stress), the biological basis of stress response and related concepts, and pathological effects of stress

What constitutes a stressor? What are 4-5 different types of stressors?

How do stress and gonadal hormones affect learning and memory? What brain structures are involved and via what mechanisms?

Experimental paradigms demonstrating hormone effects on spatial memory

What are the components of learning? What is extinction? Habituation?

Hans Selye

What is the psychosis prodrome? How is it characterized/core symptoms? How does the psychosis prodrome differ from acute/chronic psychosis? What are some possible mechanisms of intervention/prevention?

What are some characteristics of epinephrine?

12. Hormonal theories that account for psychiatric disorders such as postpartum depression

13. What is the role of glucose metabolism in learning and memory?

14. Relationships among hormones in psychiatric illness, with consideration of treatment effects (perimenstrual syndrome, depression, seasonal affective disorder, schizophrenia)

15. What is bright light therapy for seasonal affective disorder? What time of day is it most effectively used?

16.How do cognitive enhancing agents exert their effect?

17. What is ACTH? What are its effects on cognition?

18.Differential effects of stress and associated hormones on behavior (and neuroanatomic structure) during prenatal vs. pubertal vs. adult stages

Depression, daily stressors and inflammatory responses to high-fat meals: when stress overrides healthier food choices

J K Kiecolt-Glaser, C P Fagundes, R Andridge, J Peng, W B Malarkey, D Habash and M A Belury

Abstract

Depression, stress and diet can all alter inflammation. This double-blind, randomized crossover study addressed the impact of daily stressors and a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) on inflammatory responses to high-fat meals. During two separate 9.5âh admissions, 58 healthy women (38 breast cancer survivors and 20 demographically similar controls), mean age 53.1 years, received either a high saturated fat meal or a high oleic sunflower oil meal. The Daily Inventory of Stressful Events assessed prior day stressors and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV evaluated MDD. As expected, for a woman with no prior day stressors, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were higher following the saturated fat meal than the high oleic sunflower oil meal after controlling for pre-meal measures, age, trunk fat and physical activity. But if a woman had prior day stressors, these meal-related differences disappearedâbecause the stressors heightened CRP, SAA, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 responses to the sunflower oil meal, making it look more like the responses to the saturated fat meal. In addition, women with an MDD history had higher post-meal blood pressure responses than those without a similar history. These data show how recent stressors and an MDD history can reverberate through metabolic alterations, promoting inflammatory and atherogenic responses.

Read through the abstract of the the study and tell me what type of study design you think was used. Based on the study designed used, do you think the data produced from this experiment are reliable? In other words, do you think that there was any source of bias that could have altered the results?

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Kinesiology 2276F/G Lecture : Kinesiology 2276F/G ch 10.docx

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