Kinesiology 3339A/B Lecture : Exercise Nutrition - Lecture 2

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oliveant147

9 Jan 2012

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In this study, subjects took a placebo supplement (8 of them) and 5 individuals took creatine over a period of 3 days: 10 to 15 times the creatine you could normally eat with just meat and fish. Over a few days, there was no change in muscle volume. In the placebo group, there was 100 percent muscle volume (baseline normal, pre-study measure: any variation from this would indicate either a decrease in muscle volume or an increase in muscle volume. The placebo group sustained no change in their muscle volume (expected) The experimental group sustained a drastic (statistically significant) increase in muscle volume following the creatine consumption: due to the retention of water, chronic/regular ingestion of creatine and training. develop more muscle protein because the water retention triggering protein synthesis making bigger muscles over 6-8 weeks of chronic use.

Related Questions

Individuals with abnormally low levelsof carnitine in their muscles suffer from muscular weakness duringmoderate exercise. In addition, their muscles have significantlyincreased levels of triacylgycerols.

a) Explain these two effects. b) Canthese individuals metabolize muscle glycogen aerobically?

amaranthminnow631

Mark is on his college's football team. His goal is to gain 20 pounds by the time football season starts. His coach did an analysis of Mark's diet and found that he is eating 40% of his calories from protein. The coach discusses this with Mark and finds out that in addition to eating regular foods, Mark has purchased amino acid supplements. He advises Mark that his consumption of protein is too high but Mark insists eating all this protein will make his muscles grow bigger faster.

Question 1: Too many protein-rich foods can displace other important foods from the diet. Which vitamins are generally lacking in a protein-rich diet?

Question 2: What are 4 potential health risks associated with the overconsumption of protein?

Question 3: If Mark is building protein, what type of nitrogen balance would this be?

Question 4: Is there any evidence that taking amino acid supplements will help increase muscle mass?

Question 5: How will you respond if Mark asks you, âWhat is the best way to build muscle tissue?â

Question 6: What is the fate of the excess protein Mark is consuming?

Creatine (Cr) is made in the liver and kidneys and then transported to the muscles, where it serves as a high energy storage compound via phosphorylation by creatine kinase. Two forms of this enzyme exist, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic. In mitochondria there is net synthesis of creatine phosphate (CrP). In the cytosol, the phosphate is transferred from CrP to ADP to supply ATP to power the muscles. Table 3.2 of your G&G text lists ÎGËÌ for hydrolysis of creatine phosphate: -43.3 kJ/mol at 25Â°C. creatine phosphate + H2O ----> creatine + Pi

a. Calculate the KeqÍ for this hydrolysis.

c. In mouse muscle cells at 25Â°C, [Cr] is 10 mM, and [CrP] is 20 mM. What concentration of Pi would be needed to maintain this level of phosphorylation by reversal of the hydrolysis reaction? Is this concentration of Pi a reasonable expectation? Why?

d. Coupling ATP hydrolysis (ÎGËÍ-35.7 kJ/mol at 25Â°C) to an unfavorable reaction is often used to drive biochemical reactions. Write the chemical equations for the CrP reverse hydrolysis and ATP hydrolysis and add them together to give the coupled reaction. Then calculate ÎGËÍfor the coupled reaction. Is this reaction favorable? Justify your answer.

e. Considering ÎGÍin the muscle cells rather than under 1M standard state conditions, what ratio of ATP/ADP would be needed inside mitochondria to make the coupled reaction for CrP synthesis produce the concentrations of Cr and CrP observed in mouse muscle? Is this ratio reasonable? Why?

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Kinesiology 3339A/B Lecture : Exercise Nutrition - Lecture 2

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