Kinesiology 3474A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Goal Setting, Social Comparison Theory

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Kinesiology 3474 - Psychology of Interventions (Midterm)
Lecture 12
Goal Setting
What kind of goals are useful to have? How to set those goals?
It is defied as that hih oe ats to aoplish; it oers a valued, future end
state Lee, Loke & Latham, 1989, p. 299)
Examined in business, education and sport
Goals valued objectives to individuals; Goal setting should act as an incentive towards
behaviour change
Why is goal setting important?
It leads to both, enjoyment and success
Locke and his olleagues 11, after reieig the literature, oluded that the
beneficial effect of goal setting on task performance is one of the most replicable
fidigs i the psyhology literature
There are three types of goals that individuals can set
Outcome Goals
Performance Goals end state goal
Process Goals breaks down your end goal into smaller processes
Outcome Goals
It focuses on social comparison and standards of success
Outcome goals are often dependent on the ability and performance of others
o Examples: winning a game; making it into the finals
Performance Goals
It focuses on improving and attaining personal performance standards
Examples: perfect attendance over a session of aerobic classes; achieving the ability to
job 5 miles; it is a personal goal, not anyone else; not focus on the technique but
improving personal standards
Process Goals
It focuses on specific procedures an individual wants to improve
Examples: spend more time working on rehabilitation exercises; watch videos to
improve your forehand in tennis
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