Kinesiology 3474A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Goal Setting, Social Comparison Theory
Kinesiology 3474 - Psychology of Interventions (Midterm)
Lecture 12
Goal Setting
What kind of goals are useful to have? How to set those goals?
It is defied as that hih oe ats to aoplish; it oers a valued, future end
state Lee, Loke & Latham, 1989, p. 299)
Examined in business, education and sport
Goals – valued objectives to individuals; Goal setting should act as an incentive towards
behaviour change
Why is goal setting important?
It leads to both, enjoyment and success
Locke and his olleagues 11, after reieig the literature, oluded that the
beneficial effect of goal setting on task performance is one of the most replicable
fidigs i the psyhology literature
There are three types of goals that individuals can set
□ Outcome Goals
□ Performance Goals – end state goal
□ Process Goals – breaks down your end goal into smaller processes
Outcome Goals
It focuses on social comparison and standards of success
Outcome goals are often dependent on the ability and performance of others
o Examples: winning a game; making it into the finals
Performance Goals
It focuses on improving and attaining personal performance standards
Examples: perfect attendance over a session of aerobic classes; achieving the ability to
job 5 miles; it is a personal goal, not anyone else; not focus on the technique but
improving personal standards
Process Goals
❖ It focuses on specific procedures an individual wants to improve
❖ Examples: spend more time working on rehabilitation exercises; watch videos to
improve your forehand in tennis
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