Kinesiology 1080A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Clive Wearing, Frontal Lobe, Temporal Lobe
11 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Memory Systems
Topic #8
Think about..?
1. Who is Clive wearing?
Clive Wearing
• Most dense form of amnesia
• World renowned musician—caught a virus and had encephalitis (1987)
• So he felt like he hasn’t seen or tasted anything like drinking coffee was first ever time for him
• Temporal lobe (hippocampus) and Frontal lobe – he kept repeating himself and highly emotional
• A moment to moment consciousness and anything before that moment is void and he feels refresh
like a new start every moment
• 2007 Clive- Less than 30 second memory
• Ask a question and while he answers he forgets the question
• Temporal lobe and hippocampus together make an imp role in formation of new memories
• In Clive’s case his left hippocampus, left temporal lobe, left frontal lobe have totally disappeared
and a little bit of right hippocampus is left
• He has no short term memory- so he cannot consolidate them into long term memory
Short term Memory:
• The capacity of individuals to retain and utilize information in various in various ways for various
periods of time
o Acquisition
o Retention
o Retrieval
3 systems
• Short term sensory store (STSS)
• Short term memory
• Long term
Short term sensory store
• Brief duration
• Large capacity
• Veridical (taking a picture from phone is a veridical representation of what you see
• Pre-Categorical ( you don’t know what info is there)
How can we determine the existence of STSS?
• A matrix of letters
• Very quick view and people are supposed to recall it
• People had 0% recall accuracy- hole (or whole) report accuracy
Think about…?
Identify the processing features of the STSS and STM, and understand the evidence supporting each
feature
Link experimental evidence to STSS and STM
Sperling (1960)
• partial report technique
• same matrix of letters but participants also get a tone
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• low tone means lower row, mid tone means mid row, High tone- higher row (only remembered
row associated with the tone you hear
• Tone can occur either simultaneous or various delays with the matrix
• Results- Y axis recall accuracy , x axis represents timing of the tone with respect to matrix
• Sperling used the delay to find out how long information reliably persists in the STSS
• When matrix and tone were presented together- nearly 100% recall accuracy
• the recall accuracy decreases as the delay increases
• Information in STSS reliably persists for up to 300 ms
• This demonstrates large capacity of STSS
Why?
• They don’t know what tone they would get. All the information related with matrix is in STSS
participants just need the cue to recall and retrieve the information
• Sperling demonstrates brief duration, large capacity and recall ability of up to 300 ms for
STSS
Another experiment-
• another partial memory thing shows veridical part of STSS
• You can’t remember the info within the ellipse and can remember info outside it
• It’s a snapshot- works like a white board
Pre-categorical
• Matrix with letters and numbers (two different columns)
• Recall accuracy is 0%
• STSS doesn’t know the difference between numbers and letters
• Because its pre- categorical
Short term memory
• Or working memory
• Buffer between STSS and long term memory
• Brief duration
• Limited capacity (7+/-2 bits of info)
• Categorical
Memory and attention are strongly intertwined
• In order for info to stay in STM, it has to be rehearsed
• As long as you are attending to it, it will stay
• Theoretically it can stay for indefinite period of time
• More you rehearse, more it will consolidate into LTM
Brown Peterson task
• Given 3 letters, you are given a number and required to count back to 7
• Then you are required to write the letters down
Results
• Show low memory performance
• The reason is rehearsal of the letters prevented by counting task
• Letters are prevented from being rehearsed
• Its about how long memory persists in STM (reliably) without rehearsal
• As you get to 3 seconds (50% recall accuracy)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
