Kinesiology 1080A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: K. Anders Ericsson, Richard Shiffrin, Behaviorism
16 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Kinesiology 1080B Raquel Moses
Midterm 2 Lecture Notes
Information Processing: 3-Stage Approach
- cognitive-motor-neuroscience approach
- B.F. Skinner
- Behaviourism: given stimulus and observing response→poor way of perceiving and responding to
surroundings
3 Stage Model of Information Processing:
- Richard Shiffrin:
- Presumes brain processes information like a computer
- serial and discrete function in that all processes are sprite from one another
Stimulus Identification:
1. Stimulus Detection:
- Sensory info attained from external sources is detected and transformed into neurological
signals
- Unaware, just happens
- Neurological signals mapped onto a meaningful event (senses make it conscious to you)
2. Pattern Recognition:
- Extracting patterns from environment to be used in latter stages of info processing
- Conscious and aware `
- Can be a natural or trained phenomenon
o Training can optimize performance in temporally demanding sports and jobs
Chase and Simon Study:
- tested chess masters, non-chess masters and non-chess players
- Shown fast presentation of chess game, asked to represent what they saw on the board in front of
them
- Measured recall accuracy for participants
- Real game: positions where specific pieces could be on a board
- Random game: pieces just in random places that could not be applied to a real game
- Y= accuracy of image representation, X= trial
o Masters had no difficulty recalling, took much longer for non-players/ non masters
- Chess masters are bright: high level performance
o Able to extract patterns quickly because it is so frequently seen with stimulus
classification in pattern recognition in real game
- Chess masters had worst level of performance during random game due to lack of pattern
recognition
- Only applies to their particular domain→specificity of practice
Document Summary
Behaviourism: given stimulus and observing response poor way of perceiving and responding to surroundings. Presumes brain processes information like a computer serial and discrete function in that all processes are sprite from one another. Sensory info attained from external sources is detected and transformed into neurological signals. Neurological signals mapped onto a meaningful event (senses make it conscious to you: pattern recognition: Extracting patterns from environment to be used in latter stages of info processing. Can be a natural or trained phenomenon: training can optimize performance in temporally demanding sports and jobs. Chase and simon study: tested chess masters, non-chess masters and non-chess players. Shown fast presentation of chess game, asked to represent what they saw on the board in front of them. Real game: positions where specific pieces could be on a board. Random game: pieces just in random places that could not be applied to a real game.
