Kinesiology 3337A/B Lecture 1: Physiology of Fitness Appraisal Notes

• School: Western University
• Department: Kinesiology
• Course: Kinesiology 3337A/B
• Professor: Glen Belfry

Document Summary

"internal/external"focus"(attention): there"may"be"circumstances"where"it"is"better"to"remain"functional, detaching(your(brain( (this"does"not"mean"suppressing,"it"means"attending"to" other"things"to"assist"you"in"being"successful", your"soul,"spirit,"and"consciousness"can"be"enveloped"by"these"things"or"not" (ex:"cold"water), it"may"be"advantageous"to"not"react"to"these"stimuli. 7 physical%symptoms: volitional"fatigue, client"requests"to"stop, unusual"fatigue"or"pain, angina", rapid"or"labored"breathing"(dyspnea)"at"low"work"rates" 7 blood%pressure: no"increase"(or"a"decrease)"in"systolic"blood"pressure"from"rest"to"exercise"(it" should"increase"during"exercise"because"peripheral"capillaries"open"up"as" vasodilation"occurs), systolic"blood"pressure"above"250"mmhg, diastolic"blood"pressure"above"129"mmhg, central"nervous"system"problems"such"as"ataxia/confusion/vertigo" 7 purposes:: diagnose"coronary"artery"disease"(cad), cardiorespiratory"endurance, responses"to"conditioning"programs, motivation"for"activity, vo2"max"measured"much"more"precisely"" Dysfunction"of"the"cardio/respiratory"systems: blood%pressure, force"of"blood"against"the"walls"of"the"arteries"and"veins"from"the"pumping" heart, resistance4"of"vessels"and"pressure"generated"by"the"heart"(diameter"of"the" vasculature"is"going"to"have"a"tremendous"effect"on"how"much"pressure"the" heart"has"to"generate"to"maintain"the"same"flow), hypertension, blood"pressure"is"chronically"elevated, diastolic"blood"pressure"="90"mmhg"(or"94"mmhg"if"using"csep"guidelines), systolic"blood"pressure"="140"mmhg"(or"144"mmhg"if"using"csep"guidelines), hypertension"can"lead"to"hypertrophic"cardiomyopathy"(where"there"is"an" increase"in"ventricular"wall"thickness,"which"decreases"the"chamber"size)" 7 anemia: oxygen"content"is"low"(hb)"but"po2"does"not"decrease"(since"it"is"dependent" on"barometric"pressure), carotid"chemoreceptors"respond"to"po2"and"not"o2,"therefore"ventilation" drive"comes"from"a"decreased"ph"due"to"exercise, aerobic"performance"is"affected"due"to"lower"oxygen"content, diet"is"important!% 7 carboxhemoglobinea%(acute%smoking): carbon"monoxide"competes"with"the"binding"site" for"oxygen"on"hemoglobin,"which"decreases"the" oxygen"carrying"capacity, tar"makes"it"harder"for"gases"to"diffuse"at"the" alveoli, increased"vasoconstriction"(since"smoking"is"a" vasoconstrictor), increased"heart"rate"and"blood"pressure, decreased"vo2"max"and"anaerobic"threshold% 7 thresholds"have"been"used"to"determine"training"intensities": perception"of"effort"(rpe"7"rate"of"physical"exertion), heart%rate"(easy"access"to"heart"rate"monitors,"many"cardio"machines"have" the"ability"to"measure"heart"rate), power"output/speed, %"vo2"max, lactate"levels, ventilatory"parameters" 7 endurance%performance%test: subjects"performed"90"minutes"of"cycling", intensity"increased"during"the"first"10"minutes"in"order"to"get"their"heart"rate" to"5"beats"below"their"ventilatory"threshold"(that"was"noted"during"their" initial"vo2"max"test), the"work"load"was"constantly"adjusted"in"order"to"maintain"intensity"(heart" rate"was"to"remain"5"beats"below"ventilatory"threshold"throughout"the"entire" test), the"cadence"was"to"remain"at"60"rpm,"and"could"only"be"accelerated"during" the"last"10"minutes"of"the"test, blood"samples"were"taken"during"the"last"minute"of"every"10"minute"interval% 7 heart%rate: the"first"ten"minutes"were"spent" getting"the"subjects""heart"rate"up" to"179"bpm"(5"beats"below" ventilatory"threshold), from"20780"minutes,"although"the" mean"heart"rate"appears"to"be" decreasing,"no"statistical" significance"was"found"(in"other" words,"the"mean"heart"rate"was" maintained"at"179"bpm), at"minute"30,"the"variability"of" heart"rate"between"subjects"was" large"(some"subjects"had"a"heart" rate"above"ventilatory"threshold,"while"some"had"a"much"lower"heart"rate)," even"though"the"mean"heart"rate"was"still"179"bpm% 7 vo2: vo2"initially"increased"from"10720" minutes"(due"to"increasing"work" load,"see"below),"but"from"30780" minutes"was"maintained"at"a"level" lower"than"their"vo2"at"ventilatory" threshold, %"vo2"max"was"at"83%"at"20" minutes,"but"decreased"to"73%"at" minute"80% 7 work%output%: during"the"first"10"minutes"of"the" test,"work"rate"was"increased"in" order"to"get"heart"rate"to"179"bpm, in"order"to"maintain"that"heart"rate," the"work"rate"had"to"increase"from" minutes"10720"(which"increased" their"vo2,"see"above), from"minutes"20790,"the"mean"work" rate"decreased"every"10"or"20" minutes"(seen"by"looking"at"the" black"bars), note"that"the"work"rate"does"not"get" anywhere"close"to"the"work"rate"at" ventilatory"threshold"that"was" determined"during"the"initial"vo2" max"tests)% 7 blood%lactate%levels: during"the"first"10"minutes,"the" subjects"were"below"their"lactate" threshold"so"lactate"concentrations" were"low, from"minutes"10720"the"work"rate" was"increased,"which"increased"the" lactate"concentrations"quite" dramatically"(despite"the"work"rate" being"well"below"the"work"rate"at" ventilatory"threshold"that"was" determined"during"initial"vo2"max" testing), from"minutes"20790"when"the"mean" work"rate"is"decreasing,"lactate" concentrations"also"decreases"% 7 ventilation%: ventilation"follows"a"similar"trend" as"blood"lactate"levels"and"work" rate, from"minutes"10720,"ventilation" increases"due"to"increasing"work" rate"and"lactate"levels"(in"order"to" buffer), after"minute"20,"ventilation" decreases"as"the"work"rate"is" decreased"%