Kinesiology 3474A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Enrique Granados, Motivation
1 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Kinesiology 3474 - Psychology of Interventions (Midterm)
Lecture 9
Modeling in Sport
- Modeling in sport can take place both in training and competition; most of the
intervention research has been conducted in the training context
- Observers in sport viewing skilled and unskilled models do not seem to differ much on
physical performance measures given those watching the unskilled model receive
feedback
- Also, peer mastery models may be better for physical performance changes, but peer
coping models provide more change to psychological factors
- In studies comparing the self vs. others as a model, the findings are mixed
- Interventions aimed at increasing skilled performance via modeling
- Wulf, Raupach, and Pfeiffer (2005) compared the effectiveness of a condition in which
the learner has control over the model presentation schedule (ie. Self-control modeling
with that of a control condition)
Each participant in the self-control group was yoked to a partner in the control
condition; therefore, the frequency and scheduling of the model presentations
were on average, identical for both groups
The only difference between the conditions was that self-control participants
had control over the model presentations, whereas yoked participants did not;
the skill was a basketball jump shot
The study consisted of 2 phases: a practice phase (25 shots) and a test phase (10
shots) one week later (retention phase – what people learned in this phase)
Participants were able to see a video model during the practice phase and were
asked to try to imitate the movements of the model as closely as possible
The quality of the movement (form) as well as accuracy was assessed
Self-control participants were told they were free to watch the video at any
time as often as they wanted during the practice phase; Control participants
were informed that the video model would be shown again from time to time
during the practice phase
After the 7-day retention interval, the self-control group clearly outperformed
the control group on form, and showed a similar trend for accuracy
Giving learners the opportunity to decide when and how often they see the
model can enhance learning (observers are able to control how often they can
see the model)
- There has been limited research on effectiveness of modeling interventions to perform
and learn sport strategies
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Modeling in sport can take place both in training and competition; most of the intervention research has been conducted in the training context. Observers in sport viewing skilled and unskilled models do not seem to differ much on physical performance measures given those watching the unskilled model receive feedback. Also, peer mastery models may be better for physical performance changes, but peer coping models provide more change to psychological factors. In studies comparing the self vs. others as a model, the findings are mixed. Interventions aimed at increasing skilled performance via modeling. Wulf, raupach, and pfeiffer (2005) compared the effectiveness of a condition in which the learner has control over the model presentation schedule (ie. self-control modeling with that of a control condition) Each participant in the self-control group was yoked to a partner in the control condition; therefore, the frequency and scheduling of the model presentations were on average, identical for both groups.
