Linguistics 1028A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Nasal Vowel, Markedness, Phoneme

• School: Western University
• Department: Linguistics
• Course: Linguistics 1028A/B
• Professor: Stephanie Kelly

Document Summary

Summary: markedness, phonological universals, vowel universals, consonants universals, suprasegmental universals, morphological patterns, isolating, agglutinating, fusional, polysynthetic, mixed, syntactic patterns, left (sov) and right branching (svo, e. g. English is right branched (svo: the verb and object dictate whether we will see left or right branching, after a verb, you get more information, this information tends to make trees (branching structures) Linguistic typology: group together languages with similar characteristics, structural characteristics that occur in all/almost all languages, sound patterns, morpheme patterns, syntactic patterns. Linguistic universals: an important part of the study of typology. Absolute universals: structural patterns and traits that occur in all languages, e. g. all languages have syntactic structure. Linguistic (universal) tendencies: patterns or trains found in most languages, e. g. the vowel a" tends to appear in most languages. Implicational universals: specify that the presence of one trait implies the presence of another, e. g. The presence of nasal vowels implies the presence of oral vowels: nasal = oral (marked vs. unmarked)