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Microbiology and Immunology 3300B Lecture : Immunology Notes

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purplejackal117
20 Feb 2012
School
Western University
Department
Microbiology and Immunology
Course
Microbiology and Immunology 3300B
Professor
Rodney Dekoter

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Document Summary

Innate immunity: functions without antigens and is immunity derived from non-antigen recognition of pathogens and passive mechanisms like barriers. It is generated from germ-line encoded genes and is inheritable. It recognizes general features of pathogens (no fine specificity) and has no memory of past pathogen encounters. It is a mixture of physical barriers, chemical defenses, and cellular responses. It is present in all individuals at all times. Adaptive immunity: recognizes antigens produced by pathogens. It is generated by recombination of genes in somatic cells and is not inheritable. It recognizes specific antigens (fine specificity) and has memory of past antigens. It involves cellular responses and is generated as pathogens are encountered. Evolution of the immune system: foreign dna and barriers, self-non-self, immune cells, specialized immune cells and enzyme cascades, antibody-like genes, adaptive. Epithelium is specialized tissue that provides the first line of defense against infection. It is our barrier with the outside world.

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Related Questions

Explain how the adaptive immune response is able to generate the diversity of antigen receptors necessary to recognize the multitude of foreign antigens.

  1. What common cytokines induce differentiation of TH1 and TH2subsets?

  2. Put the number of the correct description from Column B beforeeach term in Column. Use each term only once.

    Column A Column B

    ___ cytokines
    ___ Tc cell
    ___ pathogen
    ___ active immunity
    ___ MHC molecule
    ___ epitope
    ___ passive immunity
    ___ plasma cells
    ___ Th cell
    ___ adjuvant

    1.Ҁ‚generates an immune response after vaccination
    2.Ҁ‚the direct transfer of a specific antibody into a host
    3.Ҁ‚B cell that secretes an antibody
    4.Ҁ‚displays CD8 glycoproteins on its surface
    5.Ҁ‚organism that causes a disease
    6.Ҁ‚presents antigens to TCR can recognize it
    7.Ҁ‚displays CD4 glycoproteins on its surface
    8.Ҁ‚immunologically active region of an antigen
    9.Ҁ‚enhances the immunogenicity of antigens
    10Ҁ‚molecules that signal cells to perform functions
  3. Explain why burn victims are at extreme risk for infection.Which type of immunity is compromised in these patients? (3marks)
  4. What are the three types of cells capable of phagocytosis? Howare microbes recognized by phagocytic cells?
  5. What do reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogenspecies (RNS) do to microbial cells? List one reactive oxygenspecies that phagocytic cells produce .
  6. Where are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) located? What TLR wouldrecognize a bacterium that possesses a flagellum? What result doesTLR-bacterium binding produce and how would that trigger an innateimmune response?
  7. What is the acute phase response (APR)? What are the maincytokines and a few of the proteins are involved in it? What doesthis response contribute to innate immunity?
  8. What is septic shock? Describe the role of LPS in causingsepsis.
  1. What common cytokines induce differentiation of TH1 and TH2subsets?
  2. Put the number of the correct description from Column B beforeeach term in Column. Use each term only once.
  3. Column A Column B

    ___ cytokines
    ___ Tc cell
    ___ pathogen
    ___ active immunity
    ___ MHC molecule
    ___ epitope
    ___ passive immunity
    ___ plasma cells
    ___ Th cell
    ___ adjuvant

    1.Ҁ‚generates an immune response after vaccination
    2.Ҁ‚the direct transfer of a specific antibody into a host
    3.Ҁ‚B cell that secretes an antibody
    4.Ҁ‚displays CD8 glycoproteins on its surface
    5.Ҁ‚organism that causes a disease
    6.Ҁ‚presents antigens to TCR can recognize it
    7.Ҁ‚displays CD4 glycoproteins on its surface
    8.Ҁ‚immunologically active region of an antigen
    9.Ҁ‚enhances the immunogenicity of antigens
    10Ҁ‚molecules that signal cells to perform functions
  4. Explain why burn victims are at extreme risk for infection.Which type of immunity is compromised in these patients?
  5. What are the three types of cells capable of phagocytosis? Howare microbes recognized by phagocytic cells?
  6. What do reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogenspecies (RNS) do to microbial cells? List one reactive oxygenspecies that phagocytic cells produce
  7. Where are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) located? What TLR wouldrecognize a bacterium that possesses a flagellum? What result doesTLR-bacterium binding produce and how would that trigger an innateimmune response?
  8. What is the acute phase response (APR)? What are the maincytokines and a few of the proteins are involved in it? What doesthis response contribute to innate immunity?
  9. What is septic shock? Describe the role of LPS in causingsepsis.