Pathology 3245B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Precocious Puberty, Corticosteroid, Cortisol

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The endocrine system refers to the group of glands that produce hormones functioning to regulate metabolism, growth/development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood. The endocrine system, which includes the hormone, the hormone-producing organ, and the target organ (with receptors for specific hormones), is highly integrated and involves communication and control (positive and negative feedback). Bind to receptors on plasma membrane to activates second messenger signaling: examples. Can penetrated plasma membrane in order to bind cytosolic or nuclear receptors, resulting in targeted gene expression changes: examples. Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids: amines, properties. Thyroid hormones (t4, t3), catecholamines (e, ne) Endocrine: release of hormone into bloodstream, transport to target organ, action at distant site, hpa axis. Exocrine: secrete substance onto surface by way of a duct, salivary/sweat glands, gi tract (pancreas release digestive enzymes) Paracrine: secrete hormone that acts locally on adjacent cells, estrogen (ovaries)

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