Pathology 3500 Lecture 26: Diseases of the GI Tract I
1 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Disease of the Gi tract
Lecture Outline
● Introduction
● Esophageal cancer
● Peptic ulcer disease
● Appendicitis
Disease of the GI tract
● Colonic diverticular disease
● Inflammatory bowel disease
○ Crohn’s disease
○ Ulcerative colitis
● I tract obstruction
○ Hernias
● Large bowel cancer
Gi Tract
● Esophagus
● Gastroesophageal junction
○ Valve that separates the esophagus and the stomach
● Stomach
○ Digestion starts here
● Small bowel
○ Small in diameter but long in length
○ Duodenum
○ Jejunum
○ Ilium
● Ileocecal valve
● Large bowel
● Rectum
Normal Function of the Gi Track
● Digestion
○ Stomach
■ Lining of the stomach release acids and pepsin
○ Duodenum
■ Most of the digestion occurs here
○ Pancreas
■ Makes digestive enzymes and release it into the duodenum
■ Very important for digestion
○ Absorption
■ Food
● Occurs in the entire small bowel
○ If you lose enough small bowel you will need to be on IV
feeding for the rest of your life
■ Bile
● Liver makes bile, gallbladder stores the bile (can live without the
gallbladder
● Bile flows into the bile duct and into the duodenum
■ Water and electrolytes
● Large bowel
○ Can do without the large bowel, just drink more
Sign and Symptoms of GI Disease
● Loss of appetite
● Nausea
● Vomiting
● Diarrhea
● Pain
● Bleeding
○ Occult bleeding
■ Can’t be seen with the naked eye
■ Is detected with a chemical test in the stool (most common test)
○ Visible bleeding
○ Hematemesis
■ Vomiting blood
■ “Coffee ground emesis”
● Vomiting black blood
○ Melena
■ Black blood in stool
■ Bleeding in the duodenum or stomach, the digestive enzyme in here
changes the blood to black
○ Hematochezia
■ Red blood in stool
■ Blood is not exposed to the digestive enzyme that would change it to
black, stays red/maroon
● Obstruction
● Important
○ Length of the symptoms
○ How many time it occurs in the day
○ Quality of the pain, location of the pain
○ Are they passing gas? When was the last bowel movement?
Esophagus
● Midline of the chest
Document Summary
Valve that separates the esophagus and the stomach. Small in diameter but long in length. Lining of the stomach release acids and pepsin. Makes digestive enzymes and release it into the duodenum. If you lose enough small bowel you will need to be on iv feeding for the rest of your life. Liver makes bile, gallbladder stores the bile (can live without the gallbladder. Bile flows into the bile duct and into the duodenum. Can do without the large bowel, just drink more. Can"t be seen with the naked eye. Is detected with a chemical test in the stool (most common test) Bleeding in the duodenum or stomach, the digestive enzyme in here changes the blood to black. Blood is not exposed to the digestive enzyme that would change it to black, stays red/maroon. How many time it occurs in the day. Quality of the pain, location of the pain.
