Pathology 3500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Atheroma, Cerebrovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease
1 May 2018
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Burden of Cardiovascular Disease
● Circulatory system disease aka cardiovascular disease is diseases of the heart and
cerebrovascular disease (plus other)
● 2nd/3rd leading cause of death in Canada
● 1st and 2nd worldwide
● Incidence decreasing in developing countries but increasing in developing countries
● Overall global burden to double in the next few decades
● Heart death
○ Men: 32,000
○ Women: 30,000
■ Protected from high cholesterol
■ Catches up later on in life
● Stroke
○ Men: 6,500
■ Men have stroke when they are younger, so are more likely to survive it
○ Women: 9,000
Atherosclerosis
● Most of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis
● Affects large and medium-size arteries
○ There for a systemic disease
○ Does not involve small vessels unlike
● Atheromas
○ Fibrofatty plaques cause vessels stenosis (narrowing)
● Resultant ischemia
○ Blood flow reduction results in end-organ damage (systemic disease)
Appearance of a blood vessels
● Normal
○ No thickening of the ____
○ Blood vessels are not narrowed
● Mild atheroma
○ About 30% narrowed
● Expressing symptoms
○ About 70% narrowed
○ Cholesterol cleft, calcium
● Fatty Streak
○ Forms at turbulent blood vessels (like the aorta)
○ First sigh of an atheroma
● Atheroma
○ More advanced fatty streak
○ Can start appearing in a very early age
● Ulcerated atheroma
○ Can form thrombosis
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Document Summary
Circulatory system disease aka cardiovascular disease is diseases of the heart and cerebrovascular disease (plus other) Incidence decreasing in developing countries but increasing in developing countries. 2nd/3rd leading cause of death in canada. Overall global burden to double in the next few decades. Men have stroke when they are younger, so are more likely to survive it. Blood flow reduction results in end-organ damage (systemic disease) Forms at turbulent blood vessels (like the aorta) Can start appearing in a very early age. Plaques develop as a result of a chronic inflammatory reaction to various forms of injury to the endothelium. Monocytes come in adere to the blood vessels. Active migration of smooth muscle and collagen in the intima. Build up of things that sound not be in the intima cause the plague. Blood level determined by genetic influence and diet. Risk doubles if a person smokes 20 cigarettes a day. Estrogen have protective effects on blood vessels.
