Pathology 3500 Lecture 31: Burden of Cardiovascular Disease II
1 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PATH MARCH 7
Hypertension
Systolic (120
● Pressure during heart contraction
Diastolic (80)
● Pressure during relaxation of the heart (heart filling)
● Longer duration
● Considered “more important” since it is longer
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
● Pressure change throughout the cycle
● Perfusion pressure
● Different than pulse pressure (which is the difference between systolic and diastolic
pressure)
Peripheral Resistance
● Depends on the diameter and length of the vessels
Hypertension: Population Considerations
● Continuous variable, bell-curve distribution
● BP is multifactorial
○ Deteried by a combination of genetic and environmental influences
● Arbitrary pressure of 140/90 is considered hypertensive
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases
Hypertension is a silent killer
● Asymptomatic for year
○ May have slight headache
● Symptomatic disease occur only after damage to organs and vessels is done
● Treatment required indefinitely not “cured”
○ Only secondary hypertension can be treated (10% of cases)
● Patients do not feel between with treatment
Hypertension
● Poor awareness
● Inadequate treatment
● Inadequate control
Major factors that determine blood pressure
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Document Summary
Pressure during relaxation of the heart (heart filling) Considered more important since it is longer. Different than pulse pressure (which is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure) Depends on the diameter and length of the vessels. Deteried by a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Arbitrary pressure of 140/90 is considered hypertensive. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Symptomatic disease occur only after damage to organs and vessels is done. Only secondary hypertension can be treated (10% of cases) Patients do not feel between with treatment. Amount of blood is pumped by the blood in a minute. Amount of blood pump in one heartbeat. Osmoreceptors in the kidney sense changes (drops) in bp. Activate production of aldosterone in adrenal glands. Treatment aim at the disease can cure! Important role of the kidney in bp regulation. Feels that bp is lower ann activates raas. Bp can rise while having it measured if the patient is apprehensive.
