Pathology 3500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Spina Bifida, Intracranial Pressure, Neural Crest

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Neuropathology
Lecture Objectives
Gross and Microscopic anatomy
Nervous system response to disease
Cerebral herniation
Intracranial pressure
What happens to the brain if there is excess pressure
Regeneration
Common neurological syndromes
Brain (at birth)
Pretty well developed
Gyrus and sulcus
Lobes
Cerebellum
Balance and coordination
Brainstem (and spinal cord)
Conduit for the brain
Output and input fibers
Brain as lots of connection to make sure information is coordinated
Development of the brain
Nervous system is developed from sepalized ectoderm
20 days
Flat plate of cells develops into the neural crest and neuro groove
24 days
Tube formation complete (merged in the midline)
Primitive nervous system
Closed
Some openings
Rhomboid sinus (bottom end)
If closure of the tube is not completed
Spina bifida
Genetic and nutritional
Cells migrate a lot a this point
Brain is a metabolic active and mobile structure at this time
Cell migration, proliferation at the north end
Ventricles
Lining of the tube
Neuron and glial cells are born here, have to migrate
Gross Neuroanatomy
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Document Summary

What happens to the brain if there is excess pressure. Brain as lots of connection to make sure information is coordinated. Nervous system is developed from sepalized ectoderm. Flat plate of cells develops into the neural crest and neuro groove. Tube formation complete (merged in the midline) If closure of the tube is not completed. Cells migrate a lot a this point. Brain is a metabolic active and mobile structure at this time. Cell migration, proliferation at the north end. Neuron and glial cells are born here, have to migrate. Frontal lobe: executive functions, complex tasks, personality, motor. Lobules (specified due to their specialized function based) White because there is a lot of myelin. Loss of myelin is bad, impulses can"t get through. Modulates incoming impulses to that they are more refined. Depends on the type of the cell. Some axons (peripheral nerves) are very long. Need to maintain this is an challenge. Longest nerves often show up injured first.

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