Pathology 3500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Spina Bifida, Intracranial Pressure, Neural Crest
Neuropathology
Lecture Objectives
● Gross and Microscopic anatomy
● Nervous system response to disease
● Cerebral herniation
○ Intracranial pressure
○ What happens to the brain if there is excess pressure
● Regeneration
● Common neurological syndromes
Brain (at birth)
● Pretty well developed
● Gyrus and sulcus
● Lobes
● Cerebellum
○ Balance and coordination
● Brainstem (and spinal cord)
○ Conduit for the brain
■ Output and input fibers
● Brain as lots of connection to make sure information is coordinated
Development of the brain
● Nervous system is developed from sepalized ectoderm
● 20 days
○ Flat plate of cells develops into the neural crest and neuro groove
● 24 days
○ Tube formation complete (merged in the midline)
■ Primitive nervous system
■ Closed
○ Some openings
■ Rhomboid sinus (bottom end)
● If closure of the tube is not completed
○ Spina bifida
○ Genetic and nutritional
○ Cells migrate a lot a this point
■ Brain is a metabolic active and mobile structure at this time
● Cell migration, proliferation at the north end
○ Ventricles
■ Lining of the tube
■ Neuron and glial cells are born here, have to migrate
Gross Neuroanatomy
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
What happens to the brain if there is excess pressure. Brain as lots of connection to make sure information is coordinated. Nervous system is developed from sepalized ectoderm. Flat plate of cells develops into the neural crest and neuro groove. Tube formation complete (merged in the midline) If closure of the tube is not completed. Cells migrate a lot a this point. Brain is a metabolic active and mobile structure at this time. Cell migration, proliferation at the north end. Neuron and glial cells are born here, have to migrate. Frontal lobe: executive functions, complex tasks, personality, motor. Lobules (specified due to their specialized function based) White because there is a lot of myelin. Loss of myelin is bad, impulses can"t get through. Modulates incoming impulses to that they are more refined. Depends on the type of the cell. Some axons (peripheral nerves) are very long. Need to maintain this is an challenge. Longest nerves often show up injured first.