Pathology 3500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 35: Receptive Aphasia, Spinal Cord Injury, Hemiparesis

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Neurological Syndromes
Paresis
Weakness
Still some strength
Plegia
No strength left
Hemiplegia vs hemiparesis
Hemiparesis
Muscle weakness on half of the body
Hemiplegia
Spinal cord injury
Paraplegia vs paraparesis
Paraplegic
Lower half of the body is disabled
Abnormal sensation
Dysesthesia
Crippled nerve
Sensation is disturbed
Aphasia
Speech is affected
Seen in strokes
Need both hearing and motor ability for speech
Broca
Motor aphasia
Can’t produce speech but can understand it
Wernicke
Receptive aphasia
Can’t understand speech but can produce it
Transcortical receptive aphasia
Can’t understand speech
But can produce thoughts about speech
But can repeat speech
Transcortical motor aphasia
Can’t supply speech but can repeat speech
Hemianopsia
Losing a half of the visual field
Ataxia
Difficult with balance
Peripheral nerves not sense where your joints in space
Issues with the cerebellum
Toxic effect (alcohol)
Seizures
Can be local or generalized
Loss awareness but no visible convulsions
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Document Summary

Muscle weakness on half of the body. Lower half of the body is disabled. Need both hearing and motor ability for speech. Can"t produce speech but can understand it. Can"t understand speech but can produce it. Can"t supply speech but can repeat speech. Losing a half of the visual field. Peripheral nerves not sense where your joints in space. Veins that branch off the dura to drain the brain. If shaken violently (collision or fall) can break. Sharp edges can lacerage blood vessels under the skull. Blunt: fracture spreads like cracking an egg. Sometimes the brain can break the skull. Occurs around the orbit (where the bones are very thin - 1mm) Frontal lobe can slape and pressure the bones. Bleeding from blood vessels under the skull. Rupture of the veins bridging the arachnoid and dura. Acute (hors) or delayed (days to weeks) Delayed presentation often in elderly after trivial head injury. Brain distorts as it decelerates on impact.

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