Pathology 3500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 35: Receptive Aphasia, Spinal Cord Injury, Hemiparesis
Neurological Syndromes
● Paresis
○ Weakness
○ Still some strength
● Plegia
○ No strength left
● Hemiplegia vs hemiparesis
○ Hemiparesis
■ Muscle weakness on half of the body
○ Hemiplegia
■ Spinal cord injury
● Paraplegia vs paraparesis
○ Paraplegic
■ Lower half of the body is disabled
● Abnormal sensation
○ Dysesthesia
■ Crippled nerve
■ Sensation is disturbed
● Aphasia
○ Speech is affected
○ Seen in strokes
○ Need both hearing and motor ability for speech
■ Broca
● Motor aphasia
● Can’t produce speech but can understand it
■ Wernicke
● Receptive aphasia
● Can’t understand speech but can produce it
■ Transcortical receptive aphasia
● Can’t understand speech
● But can produce thoughts about speech
● But can repeat speech
■ Transcortical motor aphasia
● Can’t supply speech but can repeat speech
● Hemianopsia
○ Losing a half of the visual field
● Ataxia
○ Difficult with balance
○ Peripheral nerves not sense where your joints in space
○ Issues with the cerebellum
○ Toxic effect (alcohol)
● Seizures
○ Can be local or generalized
○ Loss awareness but no visible convulsions
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Document Summary
Muscle weakness on half of the body. Lower half of the body is disabled. Need both hearing and motor ability for speech. Can"t produce speech but can understand it. Can"t understand speech but can produce it. Can"t supply speech but can repeat speech. Losing a half of the visual field. Peripheral nerves not sense where your joints in space. Veins that branch off the dura to drain the brain. If shaken violently (collision or fall) can break. Sharp edges can lacerage blood vessels under the skull. Blunt: fracture spreads like cracking an egg. Sometimes the brain can break the skull. Occurs around the orbit (where the bones are very thin - 1mm) Frontal lobe can slape and pressure the bones. Bleeding from blood vessels under the skull. Rupture of the veins bridging the arachnoid and dura. Acute (hors) or delayed (days to weeks) Delayed presentation often in elderly after trivial head injury. Brain distorts as it decelerates on impact.