Pathology 4400A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Hatmaking, Bronchoconstriction, Ephedrine
8 Feb 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Objectives: calc of anion gap (ag) and its utility, calc of osmolal gap (og) and its utility, primary acid-base imbalance, liver function tests, renal function tests, toxidromes. Case 1: sweet smell breath: due to acetone from ketone production but child has no diabetes. (1) acetoacetate (2) -hydroxybutyrate (3) acetone. Beta hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone but is referred to as a ketone body. All 3 can be measured by urine analysis via change in strip coloration and they are derived from same metabolic pathway: normal bicarbonate: no acidosis, osmolality: some osmols from outside has entered the child"s system. Ketone positive: ingested something that"s metabolized to one of the 3 types of ketone bodies (i. e. acetone) Serum anions and cations: measured cations: na+, k, unmeasured cations: ca2+, mg2+ With large ag, we can anticipate that there are some unmeasured anions coming from outside of the body: measured anions: cl-, hco3, unmeasured anions: proteins organics, phosphate, sulfate.
