Philosophy 2300F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Robert Bellarmine, John Couch Adams, Urbain Le Verrier
24 Mar 2016
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Document Summary
Paradigms include: theoretical presuppositions, methods of evaluating theoretical claims and empirical data sources of pedagogy; theoretical problems. They attract an enduring group of adherents away from competing modes of scienti c activity. They are suf ciently open-ended to leave all sorts of problems for the rede ned group of practitioners to resolve. Examples of paradigms: newtonian physics, behaviourism etc. Pre-paradigm science is dif cult or impossible because such investigations lack consensus and cooperation and do not take place within a widely accepted framework that makes observations theoretically informative. Pre-paradigm inquirers cannot agree on the theoretical implications of observations. Observation: there are physiological structures that are found modi ed across a wide range of species (homologies) This means that all species were made according to a single plan. This means that species are evolving toward an ideal form of living being. The theoretical implications of homologies are clear within the theory of natural selection.
