Philosophy 2700F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Normative Ethics, Meta-Ethics, Veganism

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Philosophy 2700G Lecture Notes
1 | P a g e
Week 1: January 9th, Tuesday
I siged up fo this ouse o that da, so… eah!
Week 1: January 11th, Thursday
Moral Philosophy:
- Divided into three different subclasses. These can be distinguished from each other, but some of
them can be continuous with each other in that they have some commonalities
o Meta-ethics: about the presuppositions of moral discourse and argument. Focuses on:
Semantics: the meaning of moral terms; ought, wrong, good, bad,
meaningfulness, etc.
Metaphysics: to what extent (if at all) are moral claims true? What is the nature of
moral truths if there are any?
Epistemology: what is the nature of moral knowledge and justification (if there is
any; some people think there are no moral truths, in which case there are no
moral knowledge)? Are we ever justified in asserting a moral claim?
o Normative ethics: two main questions
1. What is non-instrumentally good? What is non-instrumentally bad?
Why (subjective; depends on individual feelings)? What are the features of,
e.g. a state of mind or character, that makes it good or bad?
2. What is right/obligatory? What is wrong/impermissible?
Why (somewhat subjective; but these are more concerned with morality on a
fundamental level)? What are the features of actions that make them
right/obligatory or wrong/impermissible?
o Practical/Applied ethics: two main questions
1. How I ought to live (more personal and determines what you want to do with
your life and your own values)?
2. How ought my society be organized/constituted? Rely on or utilise findings in
normative ethics to answer. These tend to be moral and ethical questions in
society (climate change, abortion, veganism, research ethics, etc.)
*This course will focus on Normative Ethics of Moral Philosophy (the question of good/bad and
right/wrong). The te o-istuetall good/ad efes to soethig that is itisiall
good/bad. These are things that are worth having for their own sake; not something that is desirable for
its own implications pleasure, knowledge, and achievements are examples of intrinsically good things.
On the other hand, instrumental things are worth having because of what they result in (not something
people might want for itself) money and food for example, are valuable only because they can get you
something (if you could not get something with money, you would not need it; food is needed to
survive, so that you can obtain those intrinsic goods).
Some values can be both. Friendship and knowledge for example, can be both you can try to obtain
these for their own sake; but they can also be a means to something else (friendship = connections and
achievements; knowledge = money and achievements; etc.). Pluralists value many things, all of which
are things they believe are intrinsically good. Monists believe that all good things are essentially a means
to one intrinsically good thing (i.e. achievements, friendship, etc. are means to happiness).
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I sig(cid:374)ed up fo(cid:396) this (cid:272)ou(cid:396)se o(cid:374) that da(cid:455), so (cid:455)eah! These can be distinguished from each other, but some of them can be continuous with each other in that they have some commonalities: meta-ethics: about the presuppositions of moral discourse and argument. Rely on or utilise findings in normative ethics to answer. These tend to be moral and ethical questions in society (climate change, abortion, veganism, research ethics, etc. ) *this course will focus on normative ethics of moral philosophy (the question of good/bad and right/wrong). The te(cid:396)(cid:373) (cid:862)(cid:374)o(cid:374)-i(cid:374)st(cid:396)u(cid:373)e(cid:374)tall(cid:455) good/(cid:271)ad(cid:863) (cid:396)efe(cid:396)s to so(cid:373)ethi(cid:374)g that is i(cid:374)t(cid:396)i(cid:374)si(cid:272)all(cid:455) good/bad. These are things that are worth having for their own sake; not something that is desirable for its own implications pleasure, knowledge, and achievements are examples of intrinsically good things. Pluralists value many things, all of which are things they believe are intrinsically good.

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