Physiology 3140A Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Bacterial Effector Protein, Phosphorylation, Inositol Trisphosphate

• School: Western University
• Department: Physiology
• Course: Physiology 3140A
• Professor: John Di Guglielmo

Document Summary

Signals originate from: environment, other cells, enable us to stay alive. Signaling molecules remain bound to surface of signaling cell. Activate target cells that come into contact with signaling cell. Long distance signaling: cell releases a substance that enters the blood system and circulates the body: substance finds target cells based on the receptors that the cell expresses. Endocrine cells release hormones into the bloodstream - transported throughout body. Hormones act on target cells that express a receptor for the ligand. Hormone signaling is relatively slow (effects can be over minutes-hours-days: engage nuclear events = changes in gene and protein expression. Secreted signaling molecules act as local mediators that impact target cells only in the immediate environment. There is a signaling cell that releases a local mediator: local mediator interacts with cells in the immediate environment, this is within tissues rather than different organs, endocrine: engages different organs and tissues in the body. Engages a tissue/local environment in the tissue.