Political Science 1020E Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cosmopolitanism, Negative Liberty, Classical Republicanism
8 Dec 2016
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Mid-term test: sautrday november 7th, 10am -12 noon. Global child mortality: six million deaths annually. Cosmopolitanism: (1) all human beings are fundamentally (morally) equal and (2) justice requires impartiality. One proposal: extend principles of social justice to the entire world (e. g. , focus on the globally least advantaged) Three defenses of justice-based duties to the near and dear: Societies are schemes of social cooperation; justice is about distributing the cooperative surplus. Value of shared nationality: identity based on shared history, language, culture. Berlin distinguished negatice liberty from positive liberty. Problem: any freedom is both a freedom from and freedom to. Negative liberty is (cid:498)freedom from(cid:499), positive liberty is (cid:498)freedom to(cid:499) Mccallum s triadic concept of freedom: (cid:498)x is free from y to do or become z(cid:499) There is only one concept of freedom (or liberty). X is an agent, y is an obstacle or constraint, and z is a goal or end.
