Political Science 1020E Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Positive Liberty, Negative Liberty, Cosmopolitanism
3 Aug 2016
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Cosmopolitanism: (1) all human beings are fundamentally (morally) equal and (2) justice requires impartiality. One proposal: extend principles of social justice to the entire world (ex. Three defenses of justice-based duties to the near and dear (according to swift) Societies are schemes of social cooperation; justice is about distributing the cooperative surplus. Value of shared nationality: identity based on shared history, language, culture. Negative liberty is freedom from" something; positive liberty is. Problem: any freedom is both a negative and a positive (freedom from and a freedom to. ) There is only one concept of liberty (or freedom) X is free from y to do/become z". X is an agent, y is an obstacle or constraint, and z is a goal or end. The observable self, the rational or higher self, or a collective self like a class or nation. What do i want; what i would want if i recognized my true interests.
