Chapter 16 Lecture Notes

## &$ O &39,-4:9 0,78,498.43.059//39089 O m1 4:070,-4 4:74-,8,9 4:71,90784-,/-003.,8850.10/- 4:7 :8073,2047 4:.4:/4390,72 47903,; O m1 4:070,7 4:4:/;07 0 -0.420842043081047807;,39 ,9,30/ O 7 .:9:7,6: 52039 4 00747078300/0/431,728-0.,:80302,.308;,89 3.70,80/574/:.9;9 4 $45045044:/,;0-0031,7247078300/0/84209308094/4 O 3/:897 ,#0;4:9 43 4 47047078300/0/3.90807090 48994:.9907,3.0897,4..:5,9438 4 Œ4-83;4;32,.307 0702039, .,033’4’420504500702470’: 90/9,3 4907’94, ;039,’ 98:92,90 2,/03/;/:,/110703.08479,880883( O ,7 . 22 7,9 4394207 .,1742:7450 4 m227,39848994:.9,3.0391089 081,90784..:5,9438 4 m227,3980700 94-0504504070349,17,/41.,30 O ,90 #8$#4,/80,/ 317427:7,,70,8 394. 9 08-: 9974:4:9&$ ,3,/, 4 ‰:9- 7,74,/.425,3088450450.4:/0917421,728394.9089:89497,389,9438147 3907 .9 97,;0 4 $/00110.9#908074,/8097:7,./7030994.9 8.44894-00/:.,90/ 890.088,7 O :094,9080.,308479207.,38-0.,202470574/:.9;0,3/9:80,907 O %0 .4:/,1147/940/:.,90907./703 O %0 .4:/,84,1147/94/0;045,58 .44.,908933/:897 94:/0.,7007.4.08 O „:/,3.0,8300/0/-0.,:8090.4.041.,70078-,4430/ 7,3!,78438'(+, (- O 70,90/9057410884341;4.,943,.4:38047 O 789574543039412,9.350450944..:5,9438- .425,735078438,599:/0,3/88 4..:5,943/02,3/8 O 5030/1789.4:3803411.03‰48943', (- O %700573.508089:8094/, # 4 '-$,981 3.,70078,7024890 94-0800.90/1 4:34 4:7438970398,3/ 0,308808 4 '-$,981 3.,70078,7024890 94-0800.90/1 4::3/0789,3/90.,03085,79.:,7 .,700785708039,3/908890 /02,3/ 4 '-m98349034:9434 4:78970398,3/9434,34..:5,9438/02,3/8 4:2:89 ,842,9.9094.,701: ,3/43089 0,8:73'4.,943,m39070898 O %0$9743'4.,9 43, 3907089,3()$' * 4 /,7/$9743 ((+,( 4 '4.,9 43,39070’9’4103,3/4203 4 7895:-80/3,29 90287010.93 ..:5,9 43,$.,0’ à ..:5,943,$.,0#4..:5,9438805,7,908.,08147203,3/4203 4 00/94383,(,3/, 4 , ‰,’ .39070’98.,08,//0/ à m/03910874:58414..:5,94389,98,7084206:,9089,9 4:29-039070890/ 3 4 ,2ü4,3/4/0’,//0/ 4 ,,$9743m3907089m3;03947 '3429028- 4 7907430 3-03- /0391 3,.9;9080/47/80/- 504503/1107039 4..:5,9438 4 !,99073’41 39070’9702,389,-04;07920 4 48420390708982,7,34..:5,943m18439070898.,3-0:80/94:/0.,7007.4.0 4 !07843,$9 0$.,0# à !701079447,43047950450 à !7,.9.,340/0470,73314798438,0 à ,701:476:./0.843 2,3 à #8 9,3 à %0,247039,943',.0;04,8- 473949078- 4 $970398# à ü;,/9 O 880880839070898,243,/0;,709 414--08,.,/02.4-0.9847 ,.9;9084..:5,9438 O $,250147.425,784383.:/08257088;0;,709 41093.84.,,3/ 0/:.,943,-,.74:3/8 à ü70,-9 3( 8 à %089 70908970,-9 3( 8 4 79.828# à $0-,8 à 49047 O %0$9743 ,25-0 3907089 3;03947)$ * 4 ,25-0.4393:0//0;04520394190$'m‰9,70;80/90895:-80/3,2 4 489/0 :80/39070899089 4 480-,8 4 m3.:/08Œ5ü4,3/8904741;4.,9 43,.4 .0 4 %0899,07708543/8940,.902#0/80473/1107039 4 0/8/11070398.4708# à ü4,3/’!07’43, 9%50’ à /23897,943 à ‰,8.m39070898 à ..:5,943, 4 9028325,798 O ü4,3/#8# $4/08 4 ü4,3/# ..:5,943,390708987010.9 3907,.9 43-09003507’43, 9,3/03; 7432039 4 ü4,3/#507843,9 9 508# à #0,89. 407( O 508884., O 50904:9/4478 O 502,3:,,.9;908 O ! 8., 74-:89 O !7,.9., O 43 3900.9:, à m3;089,9;0 %307( O m39070890/3/0,824709,350450 O 49;07 84., O 808024943,89:,9438 O 550,78,441 à 7989. 7