Sociology 2259 Lecture Notes - Social Learning Theory, Differential Association, Routine Activity Theory

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Deviance as learned behaviour: bandura: social learning theory --we learn to be deviant through observing and interacting with others. It is a byproduct of socialization: rejects the macro-level idea that society arises solely from institutions and social structures. Social learning theories: differential association (sutherland, differential identification (glaser, techniques of neutralization (sykes & matza, differential reinforcement (akers) Sutherland (1939: deviance is learned from one"s subculture and is based on excess definitions favourable to, must be presented with an opportunity to engage in deviance, within small, intimate groups, individuals learn both techniques (ex. People should take drugs if they want to. Differential identification: glaser (1956, expanded sutherland"s theory past just the face-to-face interactions. Indirect, distance reference groups can influence individuals" deviant behaviour. Sykes & matza (1957: deviant individuals learn to rationalize their behaviour, deviant individuals hold conventional values/attitudes but master techniques that enable them.

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