Statistical Sciences 2037A/B Lecture Notes - Randomized Experiment, Confounding, Dependent And Independent Variables

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Consistent outliers inflate the correlation, inconsistent outliers deflate it. Some researchers may leave them in to lead you astray. Illegitimate correlation can occur when two or more groups are combined when they should be considered separately. Example: hardcover and soft cover books in price/page study. Together it is negative correlation, separately they are positive correlation. Relationships and correlations from observed studies are reported as causal. Sometimes connections do make sense, but if there is no evidence we can"t prove causation. Some reasons that variables can be related include: The explanatory variable is a direct cause of the response variable. Even though they are related there may not be a strong association between the two variables. The response variable is causing a change in the explanatory variable. Example: decrease in occupancy in a hotel means an increase in advertising. The explanatory variable is a contributing, but not sole cause of the response variable.

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