Greek World Lecture 10.docx

Greek World Lecture 10 Education at Athens  Girls o Mother was a role model o No formal education o Learn enough to run household o Can play instruments  Boys o Ages 6-14 taken by paidagogos (leader of children) to grammatistes (schoolmaster) o Music taught by kitharistes  Bronze stylus use to write on tablets  Boys o Athletics taught by paidotribes in palaistra (wrestling school) o If higher education desired, parents hired a sophist (itin errant, non-Athenian teacher) who taught  Rhetoric (art of persuasion in speaking) o Age 18: enrolled in father’s deme (village) Ephebes:  18-20: served in the Ephebeia (youth corps) Education of Sparta  Boys o Raised in agoge from age 7 o Divided into age groups supervised by paidonomas o From age 12 focused on military activities o Lived in barracks until 30 Clothing  Doric peplos – popular in Archaic period  In classical period o Style changes in Athens to the ionic chiton  Himation – cloak worn outside  Chlamys – cloak worn by men; also felt hat – petasos Female Hairstyles  Dye to colour greys  Long hair  cut short if someone dies  some worn wigs Food  based on cereals, olive oil and wine  meat eaten at festivals  Corinthian amphora c. 500 BCE used for transporting wine Deaths and Funerals  Kingdom of Hades (god of the underworld)  Place where all the souls went; very bad punishment in Tartaros; favoured went to Elysium: isles of the blessed  Women washed/anointed body with olive oil; dressed in white garments; paced on funerary bed; mourners; funerary procession; eulogy  Practice both inhumation and cremation  Hermes: guides the souls of the dead  Stele: grave marker o Hegesos, c. 400 BCE o Father and son, c. 330 BCE o Dexileos, 394 BCE o Grave gods Citizens, Metics, Slaves, and Family  Citizenship based on membership in demes  Had one name – Pericles, son of Xanthippus, from the deme of Cholargus  451 BCE o Citizenship law of Pericles o Both parents had to be citizens – citizenship based on descent Metics  Resident aliens of Athens  Often worked as merchants  Performed military service and paid taxes  Many lived in Piraeus Sla