BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Hydrogen Peroxide, Exocytosis, Golgi Apparatus

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19 Oct 2016
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Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell. Multicellular organisms can have specialized cells for different functions, but cells have same basic structure. Large cells have less surface area per unit volume. Large cells are less capable of transporting materials across plasma membrane. All types of cells share basic features. 2/3 domains of life are prokaryotic, meaning they have no nucleus. Dna is folded into a structure called a nucleoid. Dna of prokaryotes is a circular structure, 1 long circular molecule. 1 single chromosome is the entire genome of these cells. Prokaryotes can contain extra chromosomal pieces of dna called plasmids. Give an extra functional property to the host cell. Plasmids are easily shared between cells, copies are made and spread among population. Defined by its nucleus, only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. 1 extremely large central vacuole, occupies about 80% of the space within the cell. Contains a cell wall, made mostly of cellulose.

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