BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Adenylyl Cyclase, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Signal Transduction
Document Summary
G-protein couple receptors: epinephrine (adrenaline) receptor, g stands for gtp/gdp, inactive when g protein with gdp is coupled to receptor, when epinephrine binds to receptor, there is a change that releases the g-protein. G-protein interacts and activates adenylyl cyclase enzyme, which converts atp to camp (cyclic amp: one epinephrine can result in lots of production of camp, camp. Glycogen breakdown (release of glucose to produce. Inhibition of glycogen synthesis: most drugs target signal transduction pathways, caffeine stimulates epinephrine receptor. Signal transduction pathways: involve protein kinases (phosphorylate proteins, addition of a phosphate group stimulates or inhibits target protein (usually stimulation) Often target proteins are other kinases: protein phosphatases. Responses can be reversed (turned off) by removing phosphate groups from target protein continuously active. For every kinase there is a phosphatase. Phosphatases are usually always active, while kinases have regulated activity: phosphorylation cascade. Signal enzyme activates 10 of 1st molecules in.