BI110 Lecture 13: Module 22- Exocytosis and Metabolism (Lecture Notes)
Document Summary
Chemical reactions aa + bb cc + dd. A and b are reactants; c and d are products, and a, b, c, and d represent the number of moles. The reaction is reversible, but the actual direction and rate at any one time depends on the energy and on the concentrations of a, b, c, and d. Energy: capacity to do work: kinetic energy: energy of motion, potential energy: stored energy. Types of energy that are most important in biology: light, heat, mechanical, chemical, electrical/ion gradients. Energy can be converted readily from one form to another. Total amount of energy in a system and its surroundings remains constant: second: the transfer or transformation of energy increases the entropy of a system and its surroundings (entropy is always increasing). Conversion of energy is not 100% efficient; some energy becomes unavailable to do work (i. e. is lost to entropy) Energy transfer and transformation are never 100% efficient.
