BI111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Zygosity, Missense Mutation, Nonsense Mutation
Document Summary
Genotype describes what is on the inside. Phenotype describes what is on the outside. Takes letters and reads them in a section of 3 (codons) make up the language of life. Each codon codes for an amino acid. Genetic code was established very early in the evolution of life and has remained unchanged. There is specificity and redundancy within the codons. Dna strand is transcribed to make the mrna strand, process and used to build a polypeptide bond- and together a protein is built. Alters the amino acids, which had the potential to change the whole protein. Codon changed to another for the same amino acid. Add or take away a letter the codons will be different because the altered reading of the codons. Single mutation can have a big impact on an individual. Many alleles, which leads to variation in phenotypes phenotype. Homologues chromosomes (unreplicated) same chromosomes same size, one from mom, one from dad.