CC100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Observer-Expectancy Effect, Psychophysics, Wilhelm Wundt
Document Summary
Observation: naturalistic- viewing someone or something in their natural habitat and not interfering, seeing behaviour in natural setting, spontaneously produced, ethical issues prevent other methods, laboratory- control, as above more controlled. Case study- user getting to watch only one person: case of h. m- cannot form new memories, can only remember old memories due to tampering with his head, select or limited populations. Naturalistic observations: have to wait for an event to happen, observer bias. Case studies: limited sample size, low generalizability. What is a theory: a general principle or set of principles that explains how several separate facts are related to one another. From theory derive hypothesis: a prediction, a cause-effect relationship, manipulation, studying and exam performance. Pros and cons of experimental methods: pros: can establish cause and effect, limitations- selection bias. Cure for selection biases: random selection, random assignment. Response of manipulation due to expectations not the manipulation.
