EC250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Loanable Funds, Import Quota, Foreign Exchange Market

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carminelocust688

15 Dec 2017

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There is a consensus that international trade is good. Trade is an important source of economic growth. Small open economy takes more than it is given (ex. Capital outflow money moves out of your country. Capital inflow money comes into your country. Crowding out effect is there when government invest money. Im = imports = c f + i f + g f. Nx = net exports (a. k. a. the trade balance ) If imports are higher than exports trade deficit. If exports are higher than imports budget deficit. Trade surpluses and deficits trade surplus: output > spending and exports > imports. Size of the trade surplus = nx trade deficit: spending > output and imports > exports. Net exports negative im>ex and spending>output = negative net exports. The country"s purchases of foreign assets minus foreign purchases of domestic assets. When s > i, country is a net lender. When s < i, country is a net borrower.

Related Questions

1. The government saves when it:

A) Has a balanced budget

B) Has a budget deficit.

C) Has a budget surplus.

D) Borrows by selling bonds.

2. In an open economy, total investment spending is equal to:

A) National savings plus the net capital inflow

B) Private savings plus national savings plus net capital inflow.

C) Private savings plus net capital inflow.

D) National savings minus private savings minus net capital inflow.

3. Net capital inflow is equal to:

A) GDP plus exports minus imports.

B) The growth in capital stock minus investment spending.

C) Foreign direct investment.

D) The total inflow of foreign funds minus the total outflow of domestic funds.

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5. Saving and net flows of capital and goods In a closed economy, saving and investment must be equal, but this is not the case in an open economy. In the following problem, you will explore how saving and investment are connected to the international flow of capital and goods in an economy. Before delving into the relationship between these various components of an economy, you will be asked to recall some relationships between aggregate variables that will be useful in your analysis. Recall the components that make up GDP. National income (Y) equals total expenditure on the economy's output of goods and services. Thus, where C = consumption, I = investment, G = government purchases, X = exports, M = imports, and NX = net exports: Y = Also, national saving is the income of the nation that is left after paying for . Therefore, national saving (S) is defined as: S = Rearranging the previous equation and solving for Y yields Y = . Plugging this into the original equation showing the various components of GDP results in the following relationship: S = This is equivalent to S = , since net exports must equal net capital outflow (NCO, also known as net foreign investment). Now suppose that a country is experiencing balanced trade. Determine the relationships between the entries in the following table, and enter these relationships using the following symbols: > (greater than), < (less than), or = (equal to). Outcomes of Balanced Trade Imports Exports 0 Net Exports Y C+I+G Investment Saving Net Capital Outflow 0

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Since the United States has negative net foreignâ investment, its

A. net capital flow must be negative.

B. domestic saving must be less than its domestic investment.

C. exports must be greater than its imports.

D. domestic investment must be less than its domestic saving.

Expansionary fiscal policy is less effective in an open economy because

A. increases in the money supply will reduce interest rates and lower the value of theâ dollar, reducing aggregate demand.

B. increases in government spending can increase interestâ rates, which increases the value of the dollar and crowds out net exports.

C. increases in government spending will be partly spent on importedâ goods, which do not benefit the domestic economy.

D. increases in taxes reduceâ consumption, which in turn reduces consumption of imports and increases net exports.

When the Federal reserve uses contractionary monetary policy to reduceâ inflation, it

A. sells treasury securities increasing interestâ rates, leading to a stronger dollar that lowers net exports in an open economy.

B. buys treasury securities decreasing interestâ rates, leading to a weaker dollar that lowers consumption of durables in a closed economy.

C. sells treasury securities decreasing interestâ rates, leading to a stronger dollar that lowers domestic investment in a closed economy.

D. buys treasury securities increasing interestâ rates, leading to a weaker dollar that increases net exports in an open economy.

If a country saves more than it investsâ domestically, then its net foreign investment must be (positive, negative, or zero)?

EC250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Loanable Funds, Import Quota, Foreign Exchange Market

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