GG101 Lecture Notes - Paleoclimatology, Speleothem, Mauna Loa Observatory

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7 Mar 2013
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What has been the effect of fossil fuel combustion, industrial activity and land use changes on co2 in the atmosphere: keeling: measured co2 concentrations in mauna loa. What will happen with co2 in the future: 450 ppm or more seems certain by 2050. Methane concentrations in ice cores from antarctica and greenland: increased dramatically during the industrial revolution. Nitrous oxide: sources are fertilizer production and combustion of fossil fuels and wood. Human activities: ozone, cfcs, cloud distribution, concentrations of aerosols. Forcings: describes changes in the system that might cause an increase or decrease in energy in the system, emissions of greenhouse gases are far outweighing the cooling effects through the aerosols. Examine the instrumental record: global network of stations (land and sea) Several research groups are involved: ocean heat content. Past climates can be reconstructed by using natural indicators. 20th century temperature increase is significant in the context over the past 20 years. Model climate with general circulation models (gcms)

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