HE435 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Arthralgia, Weight-Bearing, Palpation
Document Summary
Primary oa (etiology unknown: risk factors: age, sex, obesity, genetics, trauma, 2. Secondary oa (etiology known) trauma joint infection inflammation: cartilage issues, biochemical problems. Oa signs & symptoms: joint pain and stiffness that resolves with rest or inactivity, pain w/ joint palpation or rom, crepitus in one or more joints, enlarged joints. Risk factors: non-modifiable: age (increasing, low bmi (small, low weight; <58 kg, ethnicity: caucasian>asian/latino>african american, bone mass tied to skin pigmentation (more pigment = more bone, family history of fracture, rheumatoid arthritis. Risk factors: modifiable: sex hormones, low estrogen/testosterone. Inactive lifestyle: low calcium & vitamin d, excessive alcohol, cigarette smoking, hyperparathyroidism (primary or secondary, hyperthyroidis, gi conditions which impair adequate nutrition, steroids or cushing"s, proton pump inhibitors. Standard laboratory tests: cmp(creatinine,calcium,alkalinephosphatase, creatinine: assess for renal function for choice of treatment, calcium: too low (replete) vs too high (hyperparathyroidism, alkaline phosphatase: osteomalacia or paget"s disease, 25(oh)d(vitamind)
