HE440 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Uterine Fibroid, Atypia, Blood Vessel
Document Summary
Epithelial cells: most common type of cancer occurs in epithelial cells, cover inside and outside surfaces of the body, physical barrier between organism and environment, examples, cells lining the lungs, cells lining the intestine. Pre-malignant turmours: microscopically and molecularly detectable changes that are associated with an increased risk of full-blown cancer developing, morphological features are called cellular dysplasia or atypia, abnormal size, abnormal shape pleomorphism, nuclear envelope irregularities. Increased hematoxylin staining of nuclei hyperchromasia: spectrum of premalignant dysplasia increase risk of cancer increases with severity, premalignant does not mean it will necessarily become cancer. Sarcoma : ex. one osteoma and malignant osteosarcoma. Palpation doctor examines tumours: benign tumours, uniform in appearance, mobility, no areas of hemorrhage or cell death (necrosis, malignant tumors, heterogeneous appearance, embedded and non-mobile, necrosis or bleeding. Injection of radio-labelled metabolic precursor, ex. fludeoxyglucose to be traced: expensive but good at detecting metastases, magnetic resonance imaging (mri, magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves.
