HE440 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Melanoma, International Agency For Research On Cancer, Strontium
Document Summary
Sporadic cancers: 5-10% of cancers have inherited gene defects, the rest, somatic cells sporadic, causes, exposure to environmental factors, lifestyle/behaviours, spontaneous, non-genotoxic factors. Extrinsic cancer factors: extent of environmental factors depends on the type of cancer, 90% of non-melanoma skin cancers are due to uv radiation, 75% of esophageal cancers are caused by tobacco and alcohol. Reactive oxygen species: unstable molecules that contain oxygen and are highly reactive. In cells can cause damage to rna, dna, or proteins. Uv exposure: melanoma melanocytes, non-melanoma basal of squamous cells. Identified 262 driver mutations in 21 genes driver mutations: c>t (by uvb, g>t (by uva, 46% were caused by c>t (37%) or g>t (9%) mutations characteristic of. Uvb/uva induced mutations: tp53 - greatest number of total putative uv-induced mutations, uv-induced lof mutations in known melanoma tumor suppressors, pten, p14arf, p16ink4a, newly discovered significantly mutated genes arid2, ppp6c, snx31 and. Tacc1 - high fraction of mutations attributed to c>t transitions.
