PO102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Invasive Species, Great Lakes, New Idea

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3 Jul 2017
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Invasive species attack from all directions often invasion by empty ships down. Invasive species all over and into the great lakes. Most that we deal with from europe and asia. Great lakes invasive species increased exponentially since mid 1900s: no new species since 2009. Discovered in 1988 probably from ballast water. Sets standards for safety, security of shipping and environment performance, pollution prevented. Set standards for management and enforcement of ballast water treatment. Enters into force when 30 countries representing 35% of tonnage of merchant shipping have notified. Likely to enter into force 2016/2017 about something away from the tonnage. Initial solution was to switch for sear water mid-trip. New idea is treatment: filter, ultraviolet, pump, etc. would need to install on ship, but its expensive. Us + canada now require ballast water exchange. New us regulation require install of approved treatment (2016) and canada will follow. Hard to determine power because its so fragmented, internationally.

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