PS101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Inductive Reasoning, Blind Experiment, Hawthorne Effect
Document Summary
Have to wait for spontaneous things to happen. Could change behaviour of participants: laboratory observations. What is a theory: a general principle or set of principles that explains how a number of separate facts are related to one another, organizes facts and guides research. From theory derive hypothesis: a prediction, a cause-effect relationship, manipulative i. e. studying and exam performance. Control: does not get the manipulation/treatment. Something that will affect the manipulation that must be controlled (i. e. everyone must be tested in the same type of room) Everyone can measure in the same way. Let"s t(cid:396)(cid:455) so(cid:373)e depe(cid:374)de(cid:374)t (cid:448)a(cid:396)ia(cid:271)les: fatigue? (1-10 scale, high achievement? (how much time a day you spend working on a goal, optimism? (how much time a day you spend working on something you love) Limitations: selection bias, cure: random selection (large group), random assignment (specific group. Placebo effect but random: response to manipulation due to expectations not the manipulation.
