PS102 Lecture 2: Psych 102 for chapter 1,2-5,8
Document Summary
Positive reinforcement/ negative reinforcement: albert bandura (1925- , he described learning by social observation in children and several species of primates. Psychology now: theory drive- uses theories to explain behavior, empirical- based on research, multi- level- explained by the brain, the individual, and social influences, the three levels of the brain, contextual- based on cultural context. Research methods to achieve the goals (firgure 2. 3: descriptive research- case studies, naturalistic observation, surveys, experimental research- manipulation and control of variables, naturalistic and laboratory observations, playground vs. big brother, case studies, special samples (ex. Genie in linguistic isolation: caged in a closet until she was 15. No language: surveys, big samples/ self-report, quasi-experiments, experiments. Descriptive statistics: one variable: used to give basic information about what we find, provides a summary/frequency distribution or table. Analyzing data: descriptive statistic, summarize actual study date, determine correlations (if there is a relationship between the variables, used for descriptive research methods, case studies, questionnaires, surveys.
