PS102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Stroop Effect
March 11 9PM DAWB 2-101 PSYCH SOS SESSION 20 DOLLARS - register online
Review: Problem Solving
● Three Parts
○ Initial state → set of operations → goal state
V V
schemas/scripts …..
Experts and Novices are Different Problem Solvers
● Novices
○ Novices rely on general problem solving methods
○ Use working memory vs long-term
● Development of Expertise
○ Feature detectors (expert neurons) in brain become quicker and stronger
How do you Solve the Problem?
● Algorithm
○ Formulas or procedures (step by step) that automatically generate correct
solutions
■ Eg mathematical and chemical formulas, sequenced routines
○ Cost: may be time consuming
● Heuristic “rule of thumb” strategies
○ General problem solving strategies that we apply to certain classes of situations
○ Mental short cuts
○ Lotto ticket example
So What Makes it Possible for you to Solve the Problem
● Hierarchical
○ Subroutines - allocating resources
■ Automatic processes
Stroop Effect
● Automatically read
● Slow you down to override that - just like experienced drivers
Thinking
● Cognitive Control - Executive Function
○ Able to intentionally direct thinking and behaviour
○ Flexibility in resources for thinking
○ Deficits can be present - age differences
● Solving a volume problem: B-A-2C
Problems in Problem Solving
● Mental Set - stay with one approach to the problem
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
March 11 9pm dawb 2-101 psych sos session 20 dollars - register online. Initial state set of operations goal state. Novices rely on general problem solving methods. Feature detectors (expert neurons) in brain become quicker and stronger. Formulas or procedures (step by step) that automatically generate correct solutions. Eg mathematical and chemical formulas, sequenced routines. General problem solving strategies that we apply to certain classes of situations. So what makes it possible for you to solve the problem. Slow you down to override that - just like experienced drivers. Able to intentionally direct thinking and behaviour. Deficits can be present - age differences. Mental set - stay with one approach to the problem. This is what happened with the last two sets of the volume problem. Fixed in perception of proper/typical function an object. Blinded to new ways to use object.
