PS260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Deep Structure And Surface Structure, Functional Fixedness, Divergent Thinking

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Sometimes in solving a problem, we can make an analogy with another problem we have previously solved. This story should help you realize, by analogy, how to solve the tumor problem. In many cases, participants fail to map aspects of one problem to the other and only benefit when the experimenter points out the similarity. This underscores the importance of getting beyond superficial features of a problem (surface structure) and to think about the underlying logic (deep structure). Studies of expert problem solvers also confirm the importance of focusing on deep structure when making analogies. For instance, novice physics students tend to group physics problems based on surface. However, physics graduate students grouped the problems according to deep structure, structure. the physical principles. Chess masters have exceptional memory for the organization of pieces on a board. This is because they see the board in terms of its deep structure, strategy, and subgoals.

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