PS263 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Neurotrophin, Growth Factor, Amygdala
Document Summary
Chapter 12: the biology of learning and memory. Localized representations of memory: psychologists have traditionally distinguished two major categories, classical and instrumental conditioning, pavlov pioneered the investigation of what we call classical conditioning in which pairing two stimuli changes the response to one of them. In instrumental conditioning also known as opera(cid:374)t (cid:272)o(cid:374)ditio(cid:374)i(cid:374)g, a(cid:374) i(cid:374)di(cid:448)idual"s respo(cid:374)se leads to a reinforcer or punishment: a reinforcer is any event that increases the future probability of the response. Lashle(cid:455)"s sear(cid:272)h for the engram: pavlov proposed the simple hypothesis that classical conditioning reflects a strengthened connection between a cs center and a ucs center in the brain. Learning did not depend on connections across the cortex: learning and memory did not rely on a single cortical area. The modern search for the engram: tho(cid:373)pso(cid:374) a(cid:374)d his (cid:272)olleagues used a si(cid:373)pler task tha(cid:374) lashle(cid:455)"s a(cid:374)d sought that the e(cid:374)gra(cid:373) of memory not in the cerebral cortex but in the cerebellum.
