PS263 CH.3 Textbook Notes 01/29/2014
Anatomy of the Nervous System PS263 CH.3 Textbook Notes 01/29/2014
General Layout of the Nervous System
Vertebrate nervous system composed of 2 divisions:
Central Nervous System: Division of the nervous system located within the skull and spine
Composed of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System: Division of the nervous system located outside the skill and spine
Composed of the somatic and autonomic nervous system
Somatic Nervous System: Part of the PNS that interacts with the external environment
Composed of afferent and efferent nerves
Afferent Nerves: Nerves that carry sensory signals from the skins, muscles, joints, etc.
Efferent Nerves: Nerves that carry motor signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System : Part of the PNS that regulates the body’s internal environment
Composed of afferent nerves that carry signals from internal organs to the CNS
Composed of efferent nerves that carry signals from CNS to internal organs
Has 2 different kinds of efferent nerves:
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Sympathetic Nerves: Autonomic motor nerves that project from the CNS in the lumbar regions of the spinal
cord
Parasympathetic Nerves: Autonomic motor nerves that project from the brain and sacral region of the spinal
cord
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves are 2 stage neural paths
Neurons projected from CNS only go part o the way to target organs before they synapse on other neurons
Functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic system stresses 3 principles:
Sympathetic nerves stimulate, organize, and mobilize energy resources in threatening situations
parasympathetic acts to conserve energy
Each autonomic target organ receives opposing sympathetic and parasympathetic input
Its activity is controlled by relative levels of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
Sympathetic changes are indicative of psychological arousal
Whereas parasympathetic changes are indicative of psychological relaxation PS263 CH.3 Textbook Notes 01/29/2014
Most nerves of PNS project from spinal cord except for 12 pairs:
12 pairs of cranial nerves that project from the brain
Are numbered in sequence from front to back
Include purely sensory nerves such as the olfactory n
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